In‐play optimal cooling for outdoor match‐play tennis in the heat

Naito, Takashi; Nakamura, Mariko; Muraishi, Koji; Eda, Nobuhiko; Ando, K.; Takemura, Ai; Akazawa, Nobuhiko; Hasegawa, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Hideyuki

doi:10.1080/17461391.2020.1870160

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In tennis, the combination of an ice vest and moderate intake of ice slurry was reportedly effective for athletic performance (Naito et al, 2021 ). This evidence helped overcome the challenges in providing cooling support at the 2020 Australian Open and involved the delivery of cooling devices through the spectator seating area (Naito et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Body Cooling Hydration Support and Measures Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Countermeasures Against Heat and Coronavirus for Japanese Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games

Nakamura

Naito²,

Saito³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games were held in the hottest environment in the history of the games. Additionally, the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated daily polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during the games, wearing a mask became mandatory publicly, and it was an unheard and unique Olympic with no spectators. Heat acclimation, hydration, and body cooling are essential for safe and high-performance activities in hot environments. In 2015, the Japan Institute of Sports Sciences launched the “Heat Countermeasure Project” to conduct experiments and practical research on heat countermeasures and investigate issues related to heat countermeasures in each athletic event. The results obtained were proposed to various Japan national sports teams, and support for heat countermeasures for the Tokyo 2020 games was promoted in consultation with national federations. Furthermore, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, infectious disease countermeasures for the Tokyo 2020 Games during support were a must. Moreover, athletes, coaches, and team staff could not avoid implementing heat countermeasures while adopting measures against infectious diseases. This study aimed to clarify the issues faced with heat countermeasures and report on heat acclimation training and cooling support efforts, considering measures against infectious diseases.

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Section: Body Cooling Hydration Support and Measures Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Countermeasures Against Heat and Coronavirus for Japanese Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games

Nakamura

Naito²,

Saito³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

Self Cite

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“…Whilst several adjunctive cooling methods, such as concurrent use of an ice vest [ 28 ], have been shown to allow reduction in the intake amounts of ice slurry, their use within the constraints of real-world sporting competitions would still represent an operational issue. Therefore, development of a more practical cooling strategy would be desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

et al. 2022

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Ice slurry ingestion enhances exercise performance by lowering the core body temperature. However, an operational issue related to this ingestion is the requirement for a high intake of 7.5 g·kg -1 to produce the desired effects. We investigated the effects of the intake of low amounts of ice slurry at −2°C on the tympanic temperature and exercise performance during repeated high-intensity intermittent exercises in a hot environment. This study was a randomized, crossover study, with a 6-day washout period. Twelve university rugby union players performed two 30-min sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercises separated by a 15-min half-time break on a cycle ergometer in a hot environment (28.8°C ± 0.1°C, 49.5% ± 0.6% relative humidity). The participants ingested 450 g of −2°C-ice slurry (ICE), or a 30°C-beverage (CON) having the same composition as ICE, or 30°C-water (WAT) during the half-time break. The tympanic temperature and skin temperature were measured as the physiological data, and the peak power and mean power as the exercise performance data. The tympanic temperature at the half-time break and beginning of the 2 nd session was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. The skin temperature at the half-time break was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the WAT group. While the peak power and mean power during the 2 nd session were significantly greater in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. Our findings suggest that even the intake of lower amounts, as compared with those used in previous studies, of low-temperature ice slurry can reduce the body temperature and improve the peak power. These results suggest that intake of low-temperature ice slurry as a strategy for internal body cooling is useful for improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments.

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“…Cooling during on-court tennis match play has been evidenced to increase moderate to high intensity activity (≥10 km•hr -1 ) in the third set in comparison to a control condition with no cooling (Naito et al, 2021). The study assessed the use of an ice vest alone and combined with two frequencies of ice slurry ingestion (BINE: every break and L-BINE: end of set only).…”

Section: Enhancing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, moderate to high intensity activity (≥10 km•hr -1 ) in the third set was higher in the ice vest and the L-BINE trials than the control and BINE trials (P < 0.05). All players reported gastrointestinal distress in the BINE trial, thought to be caused by the fibre in the ice slurry being in excess of a standard Japanese diet (Naito et al, 2021). If fibre was not an affecting factor, it would be expected that BINE would also increase the moderate to high intensity activity in the third set whilst also lowering core temperature and thermal sensation compared with the other cooling strategies.…”

Section: Enhancing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this thesis suggest that the strategies are not effective until the latter stages of the match. At what point in the match do the strategies need to be initiated or is it dependent on physiological or perceptual factors, and whether different dosages or magnitudes see similar effects such as the work by Naito et al (2021) would be useful to know to inform heat policies or guidance for players and support staff.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to Reduce Heat Strain During Tennis Match-Play in Hot, Humid Conditions

Debney¹

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Tennis match play often occurs in hot humid conditions increasing the risk of heat illness incidence, primarily due to increased body temperature and cardiovascular strain. Physiological and perceptual strain causes behavioural thermoregulation and can impair performance. Therefore, strategies which alleviate this heat strain could be beneficial from either a safety or performance perspective, or both. Little research has been conducted on the efficacy of heat alleviation strategies during tennis match play in hot conditions so it is unknown which strategies might be most beneficial. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to assess the efficacy of acute heat alleviation strategies during simulated tennis match play in hot humid conditions and to better understand current practice and perceptions of heat alleviation strategies. The purpose of study 1 was to design and evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of a tennis-specific treadmill protocol in temperate and hot, humid environmental conditions to allow confident interpretation of subsequent studies. Tennis players behaviourally increase the between�point rest length during tennis match play in hot humid conditions, therefore the aim of study 2 was to assess the thermal physiological and perceptual responses of this phenomenon. Increasing between-point rest from 20 to 30 seconds attenuated the rise in core temperature but had no effect on thermal perception. The aim of study 3 was to quantify the physiological and perceptual responses to internal, external, and combined internal and external cooling during simulated tennis match play in hot humid conditions. Internal cooling attenuated the rise in core temperature and lowers skin temperature and thermal sensation; external cooling only lowered skin temperature; combined cooling attenuated the rise in core temperature to the same extent but skin temperature and thermal perception to a greater extent than each strategy alone. The purpose of study 4 was to understand heat alleviation strategy current practice and perceptions of tennis players and support staff. Heat alleviation is perceived to be a useful tool for players competing in hot humid conditions and highlighted the importance of practicality. The findings from these studies improved the understanding of the physiological and perceptual responses to these strategies providing evidence that a longer between-point rest and internal cooling can slow the rate of rise in core temperature, and external cooling decreases the perception of the thermal sensation. All these strategies have the potential to enhance performance in hot humid conditions either physiologically or perceptually, in turn affecting autonomic and behavioural thermoregulation. The findings also have implications for future heat policy making and the application of heat alleviation in a hot humid environment.

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In‐play optimal cooling for outdoor match‐play tennis in the heat

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Case Report: Countermeasures Against Heat and Coronavirus for Japanese Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games

Case Report: Countermeasures Against Heat and Coronavirus for Japanese Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

Strategies to Reduce Heat Strain During Tennis Match-Play in Hot, Humid Conditions

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