In‐process control of epoxy composite by microdielectrometric analysis. Part II: On‐line real‐time dielectric measurements during a compression molding process

Stéphan, F.; Duteurtre, X.; Fit, A.

doi:10.1002/pen.10327

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…• Dielectric devices [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]32] and in some cases developed for RTM process [21,25,30,32]; • Ultrasonic methods [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]42], in RTM process [42];…”

Section: A Brief State Of Art: Smart Composites With Embedded Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Marguerès

Olivier

Mounkaila

et al. 2020

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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For more than 7 years, our research work is focussed upon the electrical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Effectively carbon/polymeric matrix laminates can be considered as an electrically conductive network (i.e. carbon fibers) embedded in an insulating medium (i.e. the polymeric matrix). Consequently, from an electrical point of view laminated composites have been modelled owing to combinations of electrical resistances (i.e. fibers themselves and the contact points between the fibers) and capacitances (i.e. polymeric matrix). During their manufacturing, composite material such as thermoset matrix composites for instance, undergo various changes in their physical (including electrical and mechanical) properties and in their geometrical characteristics. In fact, in the case of manufacturing processes such as oven curing (vacuum bag), autoclave curing or heating plate press, beside the chemo-rheological changes, the laminated parts are the place of a compaction phenomenon inducing changes in fiber volume fraction and thicknesses. The idea developed in this paper is that since the carbon/ polymeric matrix laminate can be considered as an electrical network, it can then be view and used as a sensor for following the material state during the manufacturing process enabling thus defects to be detected and this without any additional sensing material or device.

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Section: A Brief State Of Art: Smart Composites With Embedded Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Marguerès

Olivier

Mounkaila

et al. 2020

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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“…As another macroscopic measure, the capacitance [ 47 , 59 ] and resistance [ 44 , 47 , 58 , 61 ] of the interdigital sensor can be calculated from impedance data. Using modelling of the electrical field between the sensor electrodes, microscopic measures such as ion viscosity or permittivity can also be calculated [ 36 , 37 , 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 56 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Often, correlations to the degree of cure obtained from DSC measurements [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 57 , 59 ] as well as to the viscosity [ 36 , 37 , 41 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] are identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Cure Monitoring Techniques

Kyriazis

Pommer

Lohuis

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The ability to measure the degree of cure of epoxy resins is an important prerequisite for making manufacturing processes for fibre-reinforced plastics controllable. Since a number of physical properties change during the curing reaction of epoxy resins, a wide variety of measurement methods exist. In this article, different methods for cure monitoring of epoxy resins are applied to a room-temperature curing epoxy resin and then directly compared. The methods investigated include a structure-borne sound acoustic, a dielectric, an optical and a strain-based observation method, which for the first time are measured simultaneously on one and the same resin sample. In addition, the degree of cure is determined using a kinetic resin model based on temperature measurement data. The comparison shows that the methods have considerable but well-explainable differences in their sensitivity, interference immunity and repeatability. Some measurement methods are only sensitive before and around the gel point, while the strain-based measurement method only reacts to the curing from the gel point onwards. These differences have to be taken into account when implementing a cure monitoring system. For this reason, a multi-sensor node is suitable for component-integrated curing monitoring, measuring several physical properties of the epoxy resin simultaneously.

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Carbon/Polymeric Composites Autoclave Cure Monitoring with Optical Fiber Bragg Grating ( FBG ) Sensors

Olivier

Mulle

Paris

et al. 2012

Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites

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The manufacturing of a thermoset matrix composite part is quite complex. The curing of this kind of composites is commonly controlled by curing duration, temperature, pressure, and vacuum. On one hand, in order to produce fully cured and compacted and high quality parts, a reasoned and optimum choice must be done. On the other hand, and all the more so as regards thermoset matrix composites, the curing parameters may induce some irreversible effects on several parameters of the ensuing laminated part. For all these reasons, since numerous years, cure monitoring has been paid of a great attention. In this contribution, the reader will be first provided with a condensed survey (including more than 100 references) of the main methods developed from more than 40 years to monitor the changes occurring in a composite material during its curing. In the broad field of real‐time cure monitoring, a focus on optical fibers Bragg grating (FBG) and their use for cure monitoring purposes will be made in this article. Some original results are given after a brief introduction about FBG. The selection of a sensing technique depends on the desired results. Nevertheless, the advantages and the drawback of each technique will not be discussed here. The reader will easily find detailed comments in the numerous references proposed at the end of this article.

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In‐process control of epoxy composite by microdielectrometric analysis. Part II: On‐line real‐time dielectric measurements during a compression molding process

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Carbon fibres reinforced composites. Electrical impedance analysis: a gateway to smartness

Comparison of Different Cure Monitoring Techniques

Carbon/Polymeric Composites Autoclave Cure Monitoring with Optical Fiber Bragg Grating ( FBG ) Sensors

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