“…A significant insight from Baumers et al (2017b) is that the expected impact of build failure is absent in most investigations on the cost of AM. The existing literature investigating build failure in AM is divided into four categories, including software-based simulation (Bresson et al, 2022;Chakraborty et al, 2022;Ge & Flynn, 2022), design optimization (Misiun et al, 2021;Prabhu et al, 2021;Xu et al, 2022), data-based estimation (Jirandehi et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2021), and mechanism exploration (Osswald et al, 2021;Roh et al, 2021). However, the impact of build failure on the environmental performance of AM, in terms of both process energy consumption and the energy embedded in the used raw materials, has not yet been investigated directly and in combination.…”