In pursuit of a better broiler: carcass traits and muscle myopathies in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens

Santos, Midian Nascimento dos; Rothschild, Daniel; Widowski, Tina M.; Barbut, Shai; Kiarie, E.; Mandell, I. B.; Guerin, Michele T.; Edwards, A. Michelle; Torrey, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2021.101309

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The inclusion of training is h recommended for future studies attempting to score meat quality defects, such as W the intra-and inter-observer reliability of the scoring system was improved after mu sessions. Santos et al [33] reported a weighted kappa of 0.85 for intra-reliability of broiler chickens, which is similar to the results of the observers with the highest observer reliability in the current study. It was not reported how many training se were required to reach this value in their study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…As muscle myopathies are a rising problem in the North American meat industry [26,33,34] and consumers' awareness of these pathologies and their concerns about animal well-being rise [35][36][37], efforts have been made by breeding companies to improve the health of the animal and the appearance and quality of meat products by reducing the occurrence of emerging muscle myopathies. To do so, it is important to find a reliable method of identifying and classifying defects such as WS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of a White Striping Scoring System and Description of White Striping Prevalence in Purebred Turkey Lines

Vanderhout

Leishman

Hiscock

et al. 2022

Animals

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To efficiently meet consumer demands for high-quality lean meat, turkeys are selected for increased meat yield, mainly by increasing breast muscle size and growth efficiency. Over time, this has altered muscle morphology and development rates, which are believed to contribute to the prevalence of myopathies. White striping is a myopathy of economic importance which presents as varying degrees of white striations on the surface of skinless breast muscle and can negatively affect consumer acceptance at the point of sale. Breeding for improved meat quality may be a novel strategy for mitigating the development of white striping in turkey meat; however, it is crucial to have a reliable assessment tool before it can be considered as a phenotype. Six observers used a four-category scoring system (0–3) to score severity in several controlled rounds and evaluate intra- and inter-observer reliability of the scoring system. After sufficient inter-observer reliability (Kendall’s W > 0.6) was achieved, 12,321 turkey breasts, from four different purebred lines, were scored to assess prevalence of the condition and analyze its relationship with important growth traits. Overall, the prevalence of white striping (Score > 0) was approximately 88% across all genetic lines studied, with most scores being of moderate-severe severity (Score 1 or 2). As was expected, increased white striping severity was associated with higher slaughter weight, breast weight, and breast meat yield (BMY) within each genetic line. This study highlights the importance of training to improve the reliability of a scoring system for white striping in turkeys and was required to provide an updated account on white striping prevalence in modern turkeys. Furthermore, we showed that white striping is an important breast muscle myopathy in turkeys linked to heavily selected traits such as body weight and BMY. White striping should be investigated further as a novel phenotype in future domestic turkey selection through use of a balanced selection index.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of a White Striping Scoring System and Description of White Striping Prevalence in Purebred Turkey Lines

Vanderhout

Leishman

Hiscock

et al. 2022

Animals

Self Cite

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“…Some studies suggest that there are biological characteristics in male broilers that make them more susceptible to WB (Brothers et al, 2019), while female broilers have a higher predisposition for SM (Pascual et al, 2020b). Other studies suggest that growth and carcass traits, in particular breast weight, are predominant factors for WS and WB occurrence (Aguirre et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2021). In addition, there is published information for the effects of feeding strategies, such as feed restriction (Trocino et al, 2015;Radaelli et al, 2017;Gratta et al, 2019) and time-limited feeding (Livingston et al, 2019), or the supplementation of sodium butyrate (Pascual et al, 2020b), guanidinoacetic acid (Córdova-Noboa et al, 2018a;Córdova-Noboa et al, 2018b), selenium (Cemin et al, 2018) and microalgae (Khan et al, 2021) on myopathies occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available data have been produced both using samples collected in controlled experimental trials and in commercial slaughterhouses from commercial flocks. Few studies investigated the correlation between individual growth traits and myopathy occurrence (Bailey et al, 2015;Aguirre et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2021). Also, according to our knowledge, only one study included SM in such analyses using flock data (Che et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Breast Myopathies in Broiler Chickens and Quality of Defective Meat: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Fast-growing broiler chickens are subjected to breast myopathies such as white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM). Available studies about risk factors for myopathy occurrence often used flock data whereas a few reports evaluated chicken individual data. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of growth and slaughter traits, besides sex and genotype on myopathy occurrence. Data were obtained from eight experimental trials, which used a total of 6,036 broiler chickens. Sex, genotype, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and breast yield were evaluated as potential risk factors by logistic regression analyses. Then, the effects of myopathy and sex were evaluated on meat rheological traits (pH, colour, cooking losses and shear force). Based on a logistic regression, WS occurrence was associated with genotype, breast weight, and breast yield. Compared with chickens with intermediate breast weight and breast yield, higher odds of having WS were found in chickens with high breast weight (OR: 1.49) and yield (OR: 1.27), whereas lower odds were found in those with low breast weight (OR: 0.57) and yield (OR: 0.82). As for WB and SM, females had lower odds of having WB (OR: 0.55) and higher odds of showing SM (OR: 15.4) compared to males. In males, higher odds of having WB were found in chickens with a high daily weight gain (OR: 1.75) compared to those with an intermediate daily weight gain. In females, higher odds of having SM were associated to a high slaughter weight (OR: 2.10) while lower odds to a low slaughter weight (OR: 0.87). As for meat quality, only WB meat was clearly different for some technological and sensorial properties, which can play a major role also in meat processing. In conclusion, our analysis identified breast development as a potential risk factor for WS, while a high growth was the risk factor for WB and SM. A different probability of having WB or SM in females and male was found.

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“…Wooden breast filets lead to decreased consumer preference, thereby posing a significant challenge to breeders and causing economic losses in the broiler industry. Normally, selection for the accelerated growth rate and high breast yield in broiler chickens has been regarded as association with an increase in myopathies ( 31 ). In the present study, birds with mild WB had a higher body weight gain than normal birds with the same feeding conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome Reveals the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Wooden Breast Myopathy in Broilers

et al. 2022

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Wooden breast (WB) is a widely prevalent myopathy in broiler chickens. However, the role of the gut microbiota in this myopathy remains largely unknown, in particular the regulatory effect of gut microbiota in the modulation of muscle metabolism. Totally, 300 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were raised until 49 days and euthanized, and the breast filets were classified as normal (NORM), mild (MILD), or severe wooden breast (SEV). Birds with WB comprised 27.02% of the individuals. Severe WB filets had a greater L* value, a* value, and dripping loss but a lower pH (P < 0.05). WB filets had abundant myofiber fragmentation, with a lower average myofiber caliber and more fibers with a diameter of <20 μm (P < 0.05). The diversity of the intestinal microflora was decreased in birds with severe WB, with decreases in Chao 1, and observed species indices. At the phylum level, birds with severe WB had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P = 0.098) and a decreased abundance of Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.05). At the species level, gut microbiota were positively correlated with 131 digesta metabolites in pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis but were negatively correlated with 30 metabolites in the pathway of tyrosine metabolism. In plasma, WB induced five differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), including anserine and choline, which were related to the severity of the WB lesion. The microbial-derived metabolites, including guanidoacetic acid, antiarol, and (2E)-decenoyl-ACP, which entered into plasma were related to meat quality traits and myofiber traits. In summary, WB filets differed in gut microbiota, digesta, and plasma metabolites. Gut microbiota respond to the wooden breast myopathy by driving dynamic changes in digesta metabolites that eventually enter the plasma.

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In pursuit of a better broiler: carcass traits and muscle myopathies in conventional and slower-growing strains of broiler chickens

Cited by 32 publications

References 69 publications

Reliability of a White Striping Scoring System and Description of White Striping Prevalence in Purebred Turkey Lines

Reliability of a White Striping Scoring System and Description of White Striping Prevalence in Purebred Turkey Lines

Factors Affecting Breast Myopathies in Broiler Chickens and Quality of Defective Meat: A Meta-Analysis

Multi-Omics Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome Reveals the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Wooden Breast Myopathy in Broilers

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