In Pursuit of a High-Temperature, High-Pressure, High-Viscosity Standard: The Case of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Trimellitate

Wakeham, W. A.; Assael, Marc J.; Avelino, Helena Maria da Nóbrega Teixeira; Bair, Scott; Baled, Hseen O.; Bamgbade, Babatunde A.; Bazile, Jean-Patrick; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Comuñas, Marı́a J. P.; Daridon, Jean-Luc; Diogo, João C. F.; Enick, Robert M.; Fareleira, João M. N. A.; Fernández, Josefa; Oliveira, M. Conceição; Santos, Tiago; Tsolakidou, Chrysi M.

doi:10.1021/acs.jced.7b00170

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…and is described in several previous publications. In particular, the method has been applied by our group to correlate the high-pressure viscosity results for a large number of fluids of diverse types, from alkanes to aromatic hydrocarbons, , halocarbon refrigerants, , adipates, ,, and others. ,,, Recently, the application of this method has been extended with success to correlate the high-pressure viscosity results for an ionic liquid, namely, [EMIM][OTf] . According to this model, a reduced, dimensionless viscosity, η*, is defined as where M is the molar mass, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and V m is the molar volume, all properties in SI units.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity and Density of Two 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquids at High Pressures: Experimental Measurements and the Effect of Alkyl Chain Length

et al. 2021

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New measurements of the viscosity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate ([BMIM][OTf]) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium triflate ([HMIM][OTf]) have been carried out at high pressures, using a vibrating-wire technique operated in the forced mode of oscillation. The measurements for [BMIM][OTf] have been performed along six isotherms from 298 to 358 K at pressures up to 50 MPa. The viscosity measurements for [HMIM][OTf] have been carried out along five isotherms from 303 to 358 K at pressures up to 50 MPa. The estimated uncertainty of the measurements is less than U(η) = 0.02•η for viscosities up to 68 mPa•s and less than U(η) = 0.026•η for higher viscosities, with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). For both ionic liquids, complementary density measurements have been performed using an Anton Paar HP densimeter in the same temperature and pressure ranges as those used for the viscosity measurements. The density results have an uncertainty smaller than U(ρ) = 0.002•ρ with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2). The viscosity results were correlated with the density data using a previously described hard-sphere-based technique. The individual correlations are able to describe the viscosity results for each liquid with an uncertainty smaller than the estimated uncertainty of the experimental data. The effect of alkyl substituents on the viscosity and the density of these ionic liquids has been analyzed. For this purpose, previously published results for the viscosity and density of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIM][OTf]) have been considered in addition to the data obtained in the present work for [BMIM][OTf] and [HMIM][OTf].

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity and Density of Two 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquids at High Pressures: Experimental Measurements and the Effect of Alkyl Chain Length

et al. 2021

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“…Very recently, a new reference correlation for the viscosity of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM), was proposed. 103 The new correlation was designed to serve in industrial applications for the calibration of viscometers at elevated temperatures and pressures such as those encountered in the exploration of oil reservoirs and in lubrication. The correlation covers temperatures from (303 to 477) K, pressures from (0.1 to 200) MPa and viscosities from (1.6 to 760) mPa s. The uncertainty in the data provided is of the order of 3.2 % at a 95 % confidence level which was proposed by IATP as adequate for most industrial applications.…”

Section: Restricted Reference Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Values and Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Fluids

Assael

Kalyva

Monogenidou

et al. 2018

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

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In this paper, reference values and reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of pure fluids are reviewed. Reference values and correlations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of pure fluids provide thoroughly evaluated data or functional forms and serve to help calibrate instruments, validate or extend models, and underpin some commercial transactions or designs, among other purposes. The criteria employed for the selection of thermal conductivity and viscosity reference values are also discussed; such values, which have the lowest uncertainties currently achievable, are typically adopted and promulgated by international bodies. Similar criteria are employed in the selection of reference correlations, which cover a wide range of conditions, and are often characterized by low uncertainties in their ranges of definition. Ó

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“…Several studies have reported structures of degradative products of diesters, whereas the structural details of polymerized products resulting from oxidation, as well as the polymerization mechanism, remain unclear . Despite the wide range of applications of trimellitate esters (eg, compressor oils, gear oils, and greases), there are few reports concerning their oxidation behavior . Therefore, in‐depth investigation of the oxidation mechanisms of DOA and TDTM base oils could provide a better understanding of their behavior and expand the range of suitable applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18] Despite the wide range of applications of trimellitate esters (eg, compressor oils, gear oils, and greases), there are few reports concerning their oxidation behavior. 19,20 Therefore, in-depth investigation of the oxidation mechanisms of DOA and TDTM base oils could provide a better understanding of their behavior and expand the range of suitable applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the oxidation resistance of synthetic ester oils DOA and TDTM: Experimental evaluation and theoretical calculation

Jin

Duan

Wei

et al. 2019

Lubrication Science

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The oxidation behavior of the synthetic ester oils di‐isooctyl adipate (DOA) and tri‐isodecyl trimellitate (TDTM) was investigated by analysing the oxidation induction time and oxidation onset temperature via pressure differential scanning calorimetry tests, and the variation in viscosity after oven accelerated oxidation tests. Moreover, theoretical calculations of the fractional free volumes and oxygen diffusion coefficients of DOA and TDTM were performed, and atomistic‐scale insights into the oxidative mechanisms of both oils were proposed based on reactive molecular dynamic (RMD) simulations. Better oxidation resistance for TDTM was confirmed with experimental observations. RMD results indicated that the C―O bonds of the alcohol chain and ester group of DOA were susceptible to oxidation. However, only the dissociation of the C―O bond of the alcohol chain initiated the oxidation of TDTM. Additionally, more degradation fragments for DOA were identified, along with the formation of a polymerized product, while no large molecules formed for TDTM.

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In Pursuit of a High-Temperature, High-Pressure, High-Viscosity Standard: The Case of Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Trimellitate

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Viscosity and Density of Two 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquids at High Pressures: Experimental Measurements and the Effect of Alkyl Chain Length

Viscosity and Density of Two 1-Alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Triflate Ionic Liquids at High Pressures: Experimental Measurements and the Effect of Alkyl Chain Length

Reference Values and Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Fluids

Comparison of the oxidation resistance of synthetic ester oils DOA and TDTM: Experimental evaluation and theoretical calculation

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