In Search of Animal Intelligence: The Case of the Italian Psychologist Tito Vignoli (1824-1914)

Canadelli, Elena

doi:10.1484/j.eyhp.5.108403

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“…In 1877, anthropologist and comparative psychologist Tito Vignoli (1824–1914), pupil of zoologist Paolo Savi (1798–1871) and professor at the Royal Academy of Science and Letters of Milan 7 from 1874 ( Canadelli, 2010 , 2013 , 2015 ), published Della legge fondamentale dell’intelligenza nel regno animale: saggio di psicologia comparata (On the Fundamental Law of Intelligence in the Animal Kingdom: Essay of Comparative Psychology), the first Italian book entirely and explicitly dedicated to comparative psychology ( Vignoli, 1877 ). Interestingly, Vignoli subsequently became director of the Museum of Natural History of Milan, first comparative psychologist to hold this role, and maintained this position from 1893 until his retirement in 1911 ( Canadelli, 2010 ).…”

Section: The Origin Of the Phrase Comparative Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some decades later, Poli, who had become professor at the University of Padova and President of the Veneto Institute of Science, Letters and Arts, 6 further contributed to comparative psychology by publishing an essay on the relationship between cerebral convolutions and cognitive abilities (Poli, 1855), a critical review based on the dissections of the French neuroanatomist François Leuret (1797-1851), who compared the nervous system of a wide variety of species, including invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals (Leuret, 1839). Interestingly, Poli's publications of the 1820s set the ground for the birth of a modern (organized, experience-based and biologically rooted) general psychology, which in Italy started with the work of , pupil of zoologist Paolo Savi (1798-1871) and professor at the Royal Academy of Science and Letters of Milan 7 from 1874 (Canadelli, 2010(Canadelli, , 2013(Canadelli, , 2015, published Della legge fondamentale dell'intelligenza nel regno animale: saggio di psicologia comparata (On the Fundamental Law of Intelligence in the Animal Kingdom: Essay of Comparative Psychology), the first Italian book entirely and explicitly dedicated to comparative psychology (Vignoli, 1877). Interestingly, Vignoli subsequently became director of the Museum of Natural History of Milan, first comparative psychologist to hold this role, and maintained this position from 1893 until his retirement in 1911 (Canadelli, 2010).…”

Section: The Origin Of the Use Of The Word Comparative To Refer To Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin of the phrase comparative psychology: an historical overview

d’Isa

Abramson

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Comparative psychology, in its narrow meaning, refers to the study of the similarities and differences in the psychology and behavior of different species. In a broader meaning, it includes comparisons between different biological and socio-cultural groups, such as species, sexes, developmental stages, ages, and ethnicities. This broader meaning originated by extension from the former narrow meaning, which historically was the original meaning of the phrase (interspecies psychological and behavioral comparisons) and which still today is the focus of the field. Currently, comparative psychology is a subject of study in hundreds of universities all over the world. Nevertheless, a question that is often asked but seldom answered is: when did the phrase comparative psychology first appear and where did it come from? In the present work, we tracked down the origins of the phrase comparative psychology. In order to do so, at first we described the origin of the word psychology, coined in the decade 1510–1520 in the Republic of Venice by Dalmatian Renaissance humanist Marko Marulić Splićanin (1450–1524). Then, to explain where, within the phrase comparative psychology, the term comparative came from, we outlined the origin of the use of the word comparative in reference to interspecies comparisons. Finally, we reported the origin of the combination of the words comparative and psychology to form the phrase comparative psychology, the first usage of which was in 1778 by German scholar Michael Hissmann (1752–1784) from the University of Göttingen. Origins of the phrase in Latin, German, French and English languages are described.

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Section: The Origin Of the Phrase Comparative Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%