2021
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.674805
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In Search of the Holy Grail: A Specific Diagnostic Test for Rheumatic Fever

Abstract: Current diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease (ARF/RHD) relies on a battery of clinical observations aided by technologically advanced diagnostic tools and non-specific laboratory tests. The laboratory-based assays fall into two categories: those that (1) detect “evidence of preceding streptococcal infections” (ASOT, anti-DNAse B, isolation of the Group A Streptococcus from a throat swab) and (2) those that detect an ongoing inflammatory process (ESR and CRP). These laboratory tests ar… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…(2018), who similarly found that the most crucial determinant of accurate and timely diagnosis is comprehensive knowledge of the condition and associated factors. In addition, it is important for nurses to have knowledge and understanding of the risk factors for the population group they are caring for, as well as the relevant diagnostic criteria (Heart Foundation, 2023; McMillan et al., 2021). Accurate diagnosis is important for the health and wellbeing of Tamariki (children) and Rangatahi (young people) where missed or delayed diagnosis can have dire consequences including predisposing individuals to recurrent RF, cardiac impairment, and premature death (Heart Foundation of New Zealand, 2014).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(2018), who similarly found that the most crucial determinant of accurate and timely diagnosis is comprehensive knowledge of the condition and associated factors. In addition, it is important for nurses to have knowledge and understanding of the risk factors for the population group they are caring for, as well as the relevant diagnostic criteria (Heart Foundation, 2023; McMillan et al., 2021). Accurate diagnosis is important for the health and wellbeing of Tamariki (children) and Rangatahi (young people) where missed or delayed diagnosis can have dire consequences including predisposing individuals to recurrent RF, cardiac impairment, and premature death (Heart Foundation of New Zealand, 2014).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, lack of a suitable animal model hindered the progress of understanding the pathogenesis of ARF/RHD and associated neurobehavioral changes, development of vaccines against GAS infections and identification of disease-associated biomarkers for the diagnosis of ARF/RHD. 23 Therefore, it is hypothesized that GAS and SDSE M proteins could induce crossreactive antibodies in the RAV model, leading to both carditis and neurobehavioral complications akin to the symptomatology observed in ARF/RHD. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the M protein gene (stg480) from an SDSE clinical isolate (NS3396) from a patient with a definitive diagnosis of ARF from the Northern Territory of Australia.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These observations reinforce the importance of understanding the role of both GAS and SDSE in the pathogenesis of ARF/RHD and SC. Moreover, lack of a suitable animal model hindered the progress of understanding the pathogenesis of ARF/RHD and associated neurobehavioral changes, development of vaccines against GAS infections and identification of disease‐associated biomarkers for the diagnosis of ARF/RHD 23 . Therefore, it is hypothesized that GAS and SDSE M proteins could induce cross‐reactive antibodies in the RAV model, leading to both carditis and neurobehavioral complications akin to the symptomatology observed in ARF/RHD.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diagnostic biomarkers for ARF that improve the performance of these criteria or provide a definitive diagnostic test would be a major advance in improving ARF detection, and thereby, RHD prevention. 8 Accurate case ascertainment is also needed to monitor progress towards disease control targets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%