2020
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204623
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In Silico Molecular Study of Tryptophan Bitterness

Abstract: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, required for the production of serotonin. It is the most bitter amino acid and its bitterness was found to be mediated by the bitter taste receptor TAS2R4. Di-tryptophan has a different selectivity profile and was found to activate three bitter taste receptors, whereas tri-tryptophan activated five TAS2Rs. In this work, the selectivity/promiscuity profiles of the mono-to-tri-tryptophans were explored using molecular modeling simulations to provide new insights into the mo… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…To optimize the binding site, we need to sample the conformational space allowing for residue flexibility. For this purpose, we used induced-fit docking (IFD), an approach that was already applied to GPCR models, including ORs. Using this technique, we can select specific residues to be sampled by excluding regions of uncertain modeling. On the contrary, MD simulations can optimize the binding site while considering the entire structure’s flexibility, and this is highly affected by the quality of the model. , We performed IFD simulations with the most active compounds (compound 1 ) for both AF2 and HM, allowing the binding site side chains to be flexible.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To optimize the binding site, we need to sample the conformational space allowing for residue flexibility. For this purpose, we used induced-fit docking (IFD), an approach that was already applied to GPCR models, including ORs. Using this technique, we can select specific residues to be sampled by excluding regions of uncertain modeling. On the contrary, MD simulations can optimize the binding site while considering the entire structure’s flexibility, and this is highly affected by the quality of the model. , We performed IFD simulations with the most active compounds (compound 1 ) for both AF2 and HM, allowing the binding site side chains to be flexible.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We recently modeled and analyzed the orthosteric binding site of TAS2R4; 51 this structure was used here for the docking analysis of GA. Specifically, we used TAS2R4 in complex with tryptophan.…”
Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tryptophan and phenylalanine, derived from the chorismate pathway, are essential amino acids known for their strong bitterness in previous studies [ 56 , 57 ]. In P. juliae , we observed a significant accumulation of tryptophan and phenylalanine during leaf maturation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%