In-Situ Acid System To Clean Up Drill-in Fluid Damage in High-Temperature Gas Wells

Alotaibi, Mohammed B.; Nasr‐El‐Din, Hisham A.; Moajil, Abdullah M. Al

doi:10.2118/103846-ms

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, the salinity of the water used to prepare the acid may also affect the rate of reaction. In the current study, the effects of Na þ , Mg 2þ , Ca 2þ , and sulfate ions were investigated by preparing the acid in a seawater that has a composition typical of that present in the Gulf area in Saudi Arabia (Ba-Taweel et al 2006).…”

Section: Mass-transfer Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Reaction Rate of Lactic Acid With Calcite and Dolomite by Use of the Rotating-Disk Apparatus

2014

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Lactic acid has been examined in various laboratories and applied in the oil field for acid fracturing and drilling-fluid-filter-cake removal, and as an iron-control agent during acid treatments. However, the reaction of lactic acid with calcite has not been addressed before. Determination of the reaction rate and the acid-diffusion properties is a critical step for successful treatments in matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. Therefore, the objective of this work is to conduct a detailed study on the reaction of lactic acid with calcite. Mass transfer and reaction kinetics are reported for the lactic acid/calcite system by use of the rotating-disk apparatus.Disk samples were cut from Indiana limestone or Silurian dolomite and were used in the reaction-rate experiments. The effect of lactic acid concentration (1, 5, and 10 wt%), temperature (80-250 F), disk rotational speed (100-1,800 rev/min), and different inorganic salts on the reaction rate was investigated. The diffusion coefficient of 5 wt% lactic acid was determined at low disk rotational speeds and reported at 80, 200, and 250 F. A model that accounts for the effect of the kinetics of the surface reactions and the transport of reactants and products was developed. The activation energy and the rate constant at 80, 150, and 250 F for the reaction of lactic acid with Indiana limestone were reported. Reaction experiments of lactic acid with dolomite at 150 F over disk rotational speeds of 100-1,800 rev/min, and at 1,500 rev/min over a temperature range of 80-250 F, were conducted and the results were compared with those obtained for the calcite reaction.At 80 F, the reaction of lactic acid with calcite was controlled by mass transfer at low disk rotational speeds (up to 500 rev/min) and was surface reaction limited at higher speeds. At higher temperatures (150, 200, and 250 F), both mass transfer and surface reaction influence the overall calcite dissolution. The kinetics of the surface reaction were influenced by both forward and backward reactions. At 80 F, the surface reaction contributes to 28% of the overall resistance. This dependence becomes much less (13 and 10%) at higher temperatures (150 and 250 F, respectively).The reaction of lactic acid with dolomite at 150 F was mainly controlled by mass transfer up to 1,000 rev/min and by the kinetics of the surface reaction after 1,000 rev/min. At 80 and 150 F, the rate of reaction of lactic acid with calcite was an order of magnitude higher than that with dolomite. At temperatures of 200 and 250 F, the rate of reaction of lactic acid with calcite is twice the rate of reaction with dolomite. The presence of Ca 2þ , Mg 2þ , and SO 2À 4 ions reduced the reaction rate, which is most likely because of the reduction in the concentration gradient of the products. The reduction in the concentration gradient will cause a reduction in the rate of diffusion of the generated calcium away from the surface, and hence a lower rate of dissolution.

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Section: Mass-transfer Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Reaction Rate of Lactic Acid With Calcite and Dolomite by Use of the Rotating-Disk Apparatus

2014

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“…The reaction products will be generated as solution temperature increased. The ester reaction kinetics and filter cake clean-up by using two different esters were discussed in previous publications (Al Otaibi et al, 2006;Nasr-ElDin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Conventional Filter Cake Clean-up Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics and Removal of Filter Cake Formed by Formate-Based Drilling Mud

Alotaibi

2008

SPE International Symposium and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control

Self Cite

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This mud typically contains XC-polymer, starch, polyanionic cellulose, and a relatively small amount of calcium carbonate particles, and is used to drill a deep sandstone reservoir (310°F). Calcium carbonate particles are frequently used as weighting material to maintain the pressure that is required for well control and minimize the leak-off. Such solids become consolidated and trapped in the polymeric material and this makes the filter cake a strong permeability barrier. The conventional method for cleaning the filter cake is by circulating solid-free formate brines at a high flow rate. This mechanical technique removes only the external drilling fluid damage. Citric acid at 10 wt%, formic acid, and lactic acid were found to be incompatible with formate brine at room temperature. However, these acids were compatible with formate brine at temperatures greater than 122°F. Only acetic acid was compatible with formate brine. A formula was developed that is compatible at room and reservoir temperature. This formula was effective in removing filter cake. A corrosion inhibitor was added to protect downhole tubulars. In general detail, this research will discuss the development of this formula and all tests that led to its development.

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“…In order to make the acid system still play good removal effect on the cake at high temperature, Al-Otaibi M. B. et al [34] was optimized from several esters Open Journal of Yangtze Gas and Oil that include acetate, lactate ester and lactic acid esters. Through optimization, lactic acid ester was used as prepositional esters.…”

Section: ) Cake Removal By Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and Regulation of Drilling Completion Fluid Cake Structure

Li¹,

Ma²,

Mu³

et al. 2018

OJOGas

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In the process of oil and gas well drilling and completion, under the action of positive pressure gradient or self-absorption, drilling and completion fluid solid phase particles block the reservoir pore and form the filter cake. The filter cake plays a vital role in reservoir protection, and is closely related to the oil and gas well productivity from cake formation to remove. The filter cake is always expected to be thin, tough, with low permeability and easy to remove. Many scholars made a lot of research from the filter cake layer structure, space truss structure, pore structure and the structure of fractal structure of filter cake. However, the researches on the structure of the filter cake are mainly conducted qualitatively at home and abroad, while the quantitative research progress is slow. At the same time, the research on the relationship between the filter cake structure and its performance is also relatively weak. In recent years, with the wide application of horizontal wells, it has called widespread attention on how to effectively remove filter cake in order to improve the oil and gas well production capacity at home and abroad. The widely-used filter cake removal technology mainly includes natural clear, mechanical removal, chemical removal and biological removal technology currently. Among them, the biological removal technology is developed in recent years as a new type of filter cake removal technology. With the further development of mud cake removal technology and downhole filter cake removing circumstance with increasing complexity, a single filter cake removal technology cannot completely meet the requirements. The filter cake removal technology is developing in the direction of the composite to clear, in order to obtain ideal filter cake removal effect.

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In-Situ Acid System To Clean Up Drill-in Fluid Damage in High-Temperature Gas Wells

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Measuring the Reaction Rate of Lactic Acid With Calcite and Dolomite by Use of the Rotating-Disk Apparatus

Measuring the Reaction Rate of Lactic Acid With Calcite and Dolomite by Use of the Rotating-Disk Apparatus

Characteristics and Removal of Filter Cake Formed by Formate-Based Drilling Mud

Description and Regulation of Drilling Completion Fluid Cake Structure

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