2018
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201800611
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In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin‐Cast Small‐Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials

Abstract: indicate the realistic possibility of new soft matter technologies. Note that these highperformance laboratory devices are often produced via spin-coating, a reliable fabrication process that enables rapid prototyping and basic research. However, the transition to high throughput film fabrication processes such as blade-coating, roll-to-roll printing, and others will require understanding of film morphology-forming mechanisms operative in spin-coating processes that optimize organic device performance. [13] Tr… Show more

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Cited by 59 publications
(56 citation statements)
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References 95 publications
(296 reference statements)
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“…As mentioned above and discussed in the recent review by Yan and co‐workers, the hundreds of existing polymer donors and polymer acceptors offer a large pool of potential materials combinations, and a rational approach to pairing/optimizing this combination would be valuable. Utilize in situ thin‐film X‐ray scattering techniques to elucidate the temporal microstructural characteristics of polymer‐pair phase separation as a function of solvent, solvent additive, annealing methodology, etc . Combining deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of polymer donor–polymer acceptor interactions with well‐developed pairing guidelines such as complementary light absorption, energy level alignment, the artificial intelligence may help build “materials gene pool,” creating a roadmap to predict and optimize APSC donor‐acceptor pairing combinations and optimum processing strategies; 2) Establish predictive models to understand the fundamental interactions between the polymer donors and polymer acceptors that govern blend film morphology evolution/crystallization.…”
Section: Future Apsc Challenges and Prospectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…As mentioned above and discussed in the recent review by Yan and co‐workers, the hundreds of existing polymer donors and polymer acceptors offer a large pool of potential materials combinations, and a rational approach to pairing/optimizing this combination would be valuable. Utilize in situ thin‐film X‐ray scattering techniques to elucidate the temporal microstructural characteristics of polymer‐pair phase separation as a function of solvent, solvent additive, annealing methodology, etc . Combining deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of polymer donor–polymer acceptor interactions with well‐developed pairing guidelines such as complementary light absorption, energy level alignment, the artificial intelligence may help build “materials gene pool,” creating a roadmap to predict and optimize APSC donor‐acceptor pairing combinations and optimum processing strategies; 2) Establish predictive models to understand the fundamental interactions between the polymer donors and polymer acceptors that govern blend film morphology evolution/crystallization.…”
Section: Future Apsc Challenges and Prospectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Typically, poor polymer–polymer miscibility leads to excessive donor‐acceptor phase separation in the BHJ microstructure, promoting active layer charge carrier recombination, thereby depressing solar cell performance parameters such as the short‐circuit current density ( J SC ), fill factor (FF), and ultimately the PCE . Recent advances in donor and acceptor polymer design, active layer deposition techniques, in‐situ analysis and processing additives have increased our understanding of BHJ film formation processes and the resulting microstructure ,. However materials blending questions for optimal APSCs remain, requiring deeper understanding of polymer architectural requirements for achieving balanced aggregation and optimal semiconductor blend domain dimensions .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The orientation of crystallite will be preferentially “edge‐on” if the π–π stacking scattering is in the q r ‐direction and the lamellar peak is appear in the q z ‐direction. [ 33 ] A general sketch of lamellar stacking (100) and π – π stacking (010) reflections of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) to find orientations of crystallites is shown in Figure .…”
Section: X‐raysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chen and coworkers conducted a detail in situ GIWAXS analysis to investigate the effect of spin coating, solvent, and additive effect on the film morphology/order evolution. [ 33 ] This study is based on three‐model OSC systems, polymer donor P3HT and poly [[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), and small‐molecule donor 7,7′‐[4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4 H ‐silolo[3,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]bis[6‐fluoro‐4‐(5′‐hexyl‐[2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)benzo[ c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole] ( p ‐DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 ). CF, CB and 1,2‐DCB solvents, and 1‐chloronaphthalene (CN), diphenyl ether, DIO, and 1,6‐diiodohexane additives were used.…”
Section: Probing the Active Layer Morphology With Gisaxs And Giwaxsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure S4, Supporting Information). The promoted crystallization induced by Me12 can be attributed to plasticization of the nearly dry film which extends the time window over which crystallization occurs . We have found in our previous publication that intercalation results in lower preference for edge‐on orientation of crystallites presumably due to bulk nucleation .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 87%