In situ assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic potential of polluted river water in Channa punctatus and Mystus vittatus

Abstract

The East River tidal strait, located between New York Harbor and Western Long Island Sound, is characterized by high suspended silt concentrations with low organic content kept in suspension by intense tidal currents. Inorganic nutrients, including nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphate, were high even during the summer. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations generally were above 20 lM and did not likely limit phytoplankton growth. Despite high nutrient concentrations, median chlorophyll a concentration was only 1.53 lg l -1 , making the East River tidal strait a high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) area, likely a result of suspended silt blocking light penetration into the surface water. There were times at which the ratio of mixed layer to depth of the euphotic zone was generally greater than what has been suggested for phytoplankton to produce net primary production. The high-nutrient East River tidal strait is likely one of the sources of nutrients fueling summer phytoplankton production and consequent hypoxia in the Western Long Island Sound as silt settles from surface water in the lower turbulence conditions of the western narrows of Long Island Sound, thereby allowing light penetration and subsequent consumption of dissolved nutrients by phytoplankton.

Ecotoxicology: A Review of Pesticides Induced Toxicity in Fish

“…For determining the effects of pesticides such as acute toxic effect of these chemicals on aquatic organism biological methods are used, in situ bioassays (Akcha et al, 2003;Buschini et al, 2004;Cavas and Ergene-Gozukara, 2005;Pandey et al, 2011;Kushwaha et al, 2012). This assay is based on exposing the test animals to the field without disturbing the polluted sediments.…”

“…Different species of fish have been employed for analysing erukaryotic gentoxicity as well as for mutagenicity tests. These included comet assay (Sumathi et al, 2001;Kushwaha et al, 2012), chromosal aberration test (Al-Sabti, 1985;Rishi and Grewal, 1995), micronucleus assay (De Flora et al, 1993;Saotome and Hayashi, 2003;Pantaleao et al, 2006), DNA repair synthesis (Grummt, 2000), and sister chromatid exchange test (Kligerman et al, 1984;Sahoo et al, 1998).…”

Statistical analysis of hydrological properties and genetic toxicity of Maheshara Lake

“…These carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds present in polluted water because of the discharge of industrial, agricultural and urban wastages may exert damage beyond that of individual and may be active through following generations. For ecotoxicological studies fishes are reported to be suitable organisms because they play different roles in the heterotrophic web, undergo bioaccumulation, and respond to mutagens at low concentration such as environmental pollutions (Cavas and Ergene-Gozukara, 2005;Kushwaha et al, 2012).…”

“…Fishes response to toxic agents similar to higher vertebrates can allow the assessment of substances that are potentially hazardous to humans (Grisolia and Carderio, 2002;Kushwaha et al, 2012). Due to chemical pollutants, the low amount of DNA per cell, the large numbers of small chromosomes, and the low mitotic activity in many fish species impaired the metaphase analysis of chromosomal damage and sister chromatid exchanges are demonstrated (Pavlica et al, 2000).…”

“…These genomic losses in organisms induce various disease. Therefore, now a day detection of genotoxic effects in aquatic organisms has gained importance (Hayashi et al, 1998;Kushwaha et al, 2012).…”