In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Observations of the Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum‐Copper Alloys

Kowal, K.; DeLuccia, John J.; Josefowicz, Jack Y.; Laird, C.; Farrington, G. C.

doi:10.1149/1.1837033

Cited by 91 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Two different types of corrosion sites are observed. There is attack at the border of the particle as observed in other studies, 7,9 but there are also pits within the particle. Despite the more noble initial potential of the intermetallic particle relative to the matrix, it is very reactive and supports both anodic and cathodic reactions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Kowal et al used contact mode in situ AFM to monitor surface topography of AA2024-T3 in HC1 solutions. 9 Attack around particles was monitored with time, but the original shape and composition of the particles were not determined. In all of these studies, trenching around particles was attributed to the nobility of the particle relative to the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Study of AA2024‐T3 by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching

Schmutz

Frankel

1998

J. Electrochem. Soc.

303

257

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The localized corrosion of AA2024-T3, and the behavior of intermetallic particles in particular, were studied using different capabilities of the atomic force microscope (AFM). The role of intermetallic particles in determining the locations and rates of localized corrosion was determined using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy in air after exposure to chloride solutions. Al-Cu-Mg particles, which have a noble Volta potential in air because of an altered surface film, are actively dissolved in chloride solution after a certain induction time. Al-Cu-(Fe, Mn) particles are heterogeneous in nature and exhibit nonuniform dissolution in chloride solution as well as trenching of the matrix around the particles. Light scratching of the surface by rastering with the AFM tip in contact mode in chloride solution results in accelerated dissolution of both pure Al and alloy 2024-T3. The abrasion associated with contact AFM in situ resulted in the immediate dissolution of the Al-Cu-Mg particles because of a destabilization of the surface film.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Study of AA2024‐T3 by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching

Schmutz

Frankel

1998

J. Electrochem. Soc.

303

257

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“…[4] where C cp is the cumulative molar concentration of the precipitated Al(OH) 3 in each calculated electrolyte mesh. ε c was set to be the minimum porosity of the precipitated Al(OH) 3 corresponding to the most dense state under a certain condition.…”

Section: Physical and Mathematical Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Micro-Galvanic Corrosion in Al Alloys: Steric Hindrance Effect of Corrosion Product

Wang

Yin

Jin

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An improved finite element model was established to demonstrate the steric hindrance effect of the precipitated corrosion product (Al(OH) 3 ) on micro-galvanic corrosion triggered by intermetallic particles (IMPs) in an Al-matrix. In this model, the precipitation/ dissolution of the corrosion product could occur in the whole liquid field as the result of a reversible reaction. Simulation results show that the precipitated insulating Al(OH) 3 on the electrode surface can inhibit further corrosion by reducing the conductivity of the solution and the active electrode surface area. Meanwhile, the steric hindrance effect of the precipitated Al(OH) 3 also slows down the diffusion and migration of species in the solution. Moreover, considering the porous nature of precipitated Al(OH) 3 , a porosity parameter ε was introduced to describe the degree of compactness of corrosion product, which reaches a certain minimum value ε c under a specific corrosion situation. Compared to the previous work in which a surface coverage parameter was used to describe the blocking effect of Al(OH) 3 on surface activity, the present model is more realistic in mimicking the micro-galvanic corrosion, and also useful for the simulation of the transition from metastable pit formation to pit propagation. Al alloys are widely used in many fields as structural materials because of their high strength/weight ratio. Although many Al alloys show high corrosion resistance due to spontaneous formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface, some of them are vulnerable to local corrosion when exposed to aqueous solutions containing halide ions, e.g., Cl− . 1-3 Particularly, the surface heterogeneity may provide initiation sites for localized corrosion.4,5 A precise and comprehensive understanding of the localized corrosion behavior of Al alloys is of great importance.In our series of studies, 6,7 a FEM model has been established to investigate micro-galvanic corrosion induced by cathodic intermetallic particles (IMPs), i.e., trench formation, by taking into account electrochemical kinetics of the single phases involved, homogeneous reactions occurring in the electrolyte, a moving dissolution interface, as well as the precipitation of Al(OH) 3 on the electrode surface and blocking effect of the precipitated corrosion product. However, in the model reported previously, the precipitation was assumed to occur only on the electrode surface, and the blocking effect of the precipitated corrosion product was simply described by a surface coverage parameter (θ). In that case, the precipitation within the liquid phase and multi-dimensional growth of the precipitated corrosion product were not considered, and the steric hindrance on the mass transport was neglected. Such a simplification limits the applicability of the model for simulating practical systems, since the steric hindrance effect of the precipitated corrosion product has been widely recognized to be critical for the development of pitting-like localized corrosion.For instance, Frankel et al. 8,9 ...

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“…El AFM permite actualmente cuantificar la topografía de una superficie con elevadas resoluciones laterales y verticales. Esta técnica se ha empezado a emplear en la monitorización de procesos de corrosión tan variados como el estudio de inhibidores en aceros (13), la resistencia a corrosión de aleaciones de aluminio en HCl (14), o la corrosión por picaduras en cobre (15).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…AFM currently allows quantifying surface topography with high lateral and vertical resolution. This technique has begun to be used to monitor a wide range of corrosion processes -e.g., the study of inhibitors in steel (13), corrosion resistance in aluminium alloys in HCl (14), pitting corrosion of copper (15), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudio mediante AFM de la corrosión de aceros en disoluciones de fase acuosa del hormigón

Díaz-Benito¹,

Velasco²,

Guzmán³

et al. 2010

Mater. construcc.

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In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Observations of the Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum‐Copper Alloys

Cited by 91 publications

References 4 publications

Corrosion Study of AA2024‐T3 by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching

Corrosion Study of AA2024‐T3 by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching

Numerical Simulation of Micro-Galvanic Corrosion in Al Alloys: Steric Hindrance Effect of Corrosion Product

Estudio mediante AFM de la corrosión de aceros en disoluciones de fase acuosa del hormigón

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