In situ biosensing technologies for an organ-on-a-chip

Abstract

The in vitro simulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges accompanying in vivo experiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed to model the in vitro, real-time biological and physiological features of organs. Numerous studies have deployed these systems to assess the in vitro, real-time responses of an organ to external stimuli. Particularly, organs-on-chips can be most efficiently employed in pharmaceutical drug development to predict the responses of organs before approving such drugs. Furthermore, multi-organ-on-a-chip systems facilitate the close representations of the in vivo environment. In this review, we discuss the biosensing technology that facilitates the in situ, real-time measurements of organ responses as readouts on organ-on-a-chip systems, including multi-organ models. Notably, a human-on-a-chip system integrated with automated multi-sensing will be established by further advancing the development of chips, as well as their assessment techniques.

Establishment and evaluation of on-chip intestinal barrier biosystems based on microfluidic techniques

“…In terms of performance evaluation, some efforts need to be made in the following directions. Due to the high integration of the microfluidic chip, electrochemical sensors have been in situ integrated into the intestinal chip to observe transmembrane resistance values and oxygen levels online in real-time [ 107 , 202 ]. In my opinion, more advanced biosensors such as enzyme sensors, microbial sensors, and immune sensors should be integrated to detect gut-specific enzymes, microbes, markers and metabolites.…”

From Organ-on-a-Chip to Human-on-a-Chip: A Review of Research Progress and Latest Applications

“…132 ■ OPTICAL SENSORS Optical sensing methods utilize various techniques, such as fluorescent and luminescent markers, to measure metabolite expression and movement. 133 Traditionally, bioinformatic monitoring of OOCs has been conducted off-chip. Resulting in significant time delays.…”

Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems

“…For reviews of biosensing in OOC platforms more broadly, the interested reader is referred other recent articles. 5–9…”