In-situ chromium and vanadium recovery of landfilled ferrochromium and stainless steel slags

Spooren, Jeroen; Kim, Eun Young; Horckmans, Liesbeth; Broos, Kris; Nielsen, Peter; Quaghebeur, Mieke

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.128

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Temperature-controlled extraction with NaOH in the presence of NaOCl, followed by water leaching, resulted in a selective Cr leaching of 68% with minor dissolution of matrix materials [15]. Spooren et al [16] demonstrated this process in a laboratory heap leaching setup for the selective leaching of Cr and V from FeCr and SS slags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

et al. 2019

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The CHROMIC project (effiCient mineral processing and Hydrometallurgical RecOvery of by-product Metals from low-grade metal contaIning seCondary raw materials) aims to recover chromium from steelmaking and ferrochrome slags to regain valuable resources and simultaneously reduce potential environmental impacts. To develop the recovery flowsheets and reliably calculate metal recovery, an accurate assessment of chromium concentration and distribution is essential. Therefore, model streams were thoroughly characterized using a combination of analytical techniques. In all materials, chromium is present in distinct but often small spinel phases, intergrown with other minerals and showing a considerable zonation in Cr content with higher amounts in the cores. The small size of the Cr-rich particles makes recovery by mineral processing challenging. Measured chromium content was found to differ largely based on the chemical dissolution method applied. The analysis of insoluble residues and comparison with a standard reference material evidenced that standard acid dissolution procedures based on HCl/HNO3/HBF4 and HNO3/HF/H2O2 are insufficient to fully dissolve spinel structures, leading to severe underestimations of chromium content. A sodium peroxide treatment is required for a full dissolution of spinels. This is noteworthy, since most of the legislation for the reuse of slags is currently based on acid dissolution methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

et al. 2019

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“…The reuse of the residue via accelerated carbonation was also studied. Lab-scale batch and column leaching showed that the process can be used in the heap leaching of chromium from landfilled stainlesssteel slags, allowing in-situ chromium recovery [42].…”

Section: Electric Arc Furnace (Eaf) Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Binnemans

Jones

Fernández

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry. Graphical Abstract

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“…Therefore, recovery of these metals becomes rather promising. Various technologies such as flotation, leaching, precipitation, and heating have been developed for metal recovery from different types of slag (Lenz and Martins 2007;Shen and Forssberg 2003;Spooren et al 2016). Generally, the process using for recovering metals from the slag is combination of these technologies.…”

Section: Valuable Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential utilization of slag generated from iron- and steelmaking industries: a review

Zhang

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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Along with iron and steel production, large amount of slag is generated. Proper management on the iron-and steelmaking slag is highly demanded due to the high cost of direct disposal of the slag to landfill, which is the most adopted management approach. In this article, the potential application of iron-and steelmaking slag has been reviewed, which included the slag utilization in construction as cement and sand, in water, soil, and gas treatment, as well as in value material recovery. In addition, the challenge and required effort to be made in iron-and steelmaking slag management have been discussed.

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In-situ chromium and vanadium recovery of landfilled ferrochromium and stainless steel slags

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

The potential utilization of slag generated from iron- and steelmaking industries: a review

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