In Situ Construction of Zn₂Mo₃O₈/ZnO Hierarchical Nanosheets on Graphene as Advanced Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Transition-metal oxides as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted enormous interest because of their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and high reserve abundance. Unfortunately, they commonly suffer from poor electronic and ionic conductivity and relatively large volume expansion during discharge/charge processes, thereby triggering inferior cyclic performance and rate capability. Herein, a molybdenum−zinc bimetal oxide-based composite structure (Zn 2 Mo 3 O 8 /ZnO/rGO) with rectangular Zn 2 Mo 3 O 8 /ZnO nanosheets uniformly dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been prepared by using a simple and controllable cyanometallic framework template method. The Zn 2 Mo 3 O 8 /ZnO rectangular nanosheets with desirable porous features are composed of nanocrystalline subunits, facilitating the exposure of abundant active sites and providing sufficient contact with the electrolyte. Benefiting from the composition and structural merits as well as the induced synergistic effects, the Zn 2 Mo 3 O 8 /ZnO/rGO composite as LIB anodes delivers superior electrochemical properties, including high reversible capacity (960 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 200 mA g −1 ), outstanding rate performance (417 mA h g −1 at 10,000 mA g −1 ), and admirable long-term cyclic stability (862 mA h g −1 after 400 cycles at 1000 mA g −1 ). The mechanism of lithium storage and the formation of SEI film are systematically elucidated. This work provides an effective strategy for synthesizing promising Mo-cluster compound-based anodes for high-performance LIBs.

High-Performance Anode Material Based on Zinc Naphthalocyanine/Graphene Composite

“…This process includes the reduction of ZnO, the alloying reaction of Zn and Li, and the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. This process was followed by a sharp decrease in current, corresponding to further Li + intercalation into the reduced GO (rGO) sheets . In addition, electrolyte decomposition occurred on new surfaces of the carbon material, along with the occurrence of other irreversible side reactions .…”

“…This process was followed by a sharp decrease in current, corresponding to further Li + intercalation into the reduced GO (rGO) sheets. 43 In addition, electrolyte decomposition occurred on new surfaces of the carbon material, along with the occurrence of other irreversible side reactions. 44 The SEI film prevented continued decomposition of the electrolyte and had a protective effect on the electrode material.…”

Ge-Regulated Ordered Phase in Pseudosphere-Structured LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel Effectively Inhibits Mn Dissolution

“…658 Wh kg –1 , which was about 38 and 20% over that of LMO and LiCoO 2 , respectively. , In addition, LNMO is particularly desirable for large-scale applications due to the relatively low cost of Ni/Mn and simple preparation methods without a protective atmosphere . The high energy density, superior thermal stability, and great abundance in the earth’s crust have made LNMO spinels the most promising Co-free electrode materials. , However, the high operating voltage exacerbates serious interfacial reactions between cathode materials and electrolytes, leading to increased metal dissolution, thickening of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and enlarged impediment of Li + diffusion. ,, …”