In situ crosslinking-assisted perovskite grain growth for mechanically robust flexible perovskite solar cells with 23.4% efficiency

Wu, Yeyong; Xu, Guiying; Xi, Jiachen; Shen, Yunxiu; Wu, Xiaoxiao; Tang, Xiaohua; Ding, Junyuan; Yang, Heyi; Cheng, Qinrong; Chen, Ziyuan; Li, Yaowen; Li, Yongfang

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.013

Cited by 104 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…All the initial PV parameters of the devices with different aging conditions are shown in Table S5, Supporting Information. Beyond that, owing to the low Young's modulus of the organic PDMS polymer, [50] the impact of the proposed dual cross-linked functional layers strategy on the flexibility of the films and devices are also tested. As shown in Figure S28a-d (Supporting Information), SEM is employed to check the microstructure of the perovskite and PCBM films after bending.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2023

Solar RRL

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The record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has skyrocketed to 25.7% after rapid development in the last decade. [1] The p-i-n PSCs has demonstrated remarkable performance with negligible hysteresis, [2] reliable operation, and good compatibility with state-of-the-art tandem devices. [3] However, it is still inevitable to encounter the instability of the perovskite layer and the commonly used electron-transport layer (ETL) of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), [4] delaying further improvement on the device stability. [1b,5] With regard to the perovskite layer issue, the main reason is that perovskite material is vulnerable to humidity, thermal, ultraviolet light, and ion migration. [6] In addition, a higher defect density will also accelerate the decomposition process of perovskite under light or thermal. [7] As for the PCBM layer, it is sensitive to humidity and will auto-aggregate under continuous light and/or thermal due to its relatively weak intermolecular interaction. [8] In addition, it allows I À to diffuse from the perovskite layer to the metal electrode, which is unfavorable to the long-term stability of the device. [9] Thus, strategies for both enhancing the intrinsic stability of perovskite including decreasing the defect density and improving its ability against humidity, light, and thermal stress as well as enhancing the intermolecular interaction of PCBM are very necessary to further prolong the operational stability of p-i-n PSCs.Additive engineering of perovskite precursor has been widely investigated to regulate crystal growth or defect passivation for efficient and stable PSCs, [10] including Lewis acid, [11] Lewis base, [12] alkyl ammonium salt, [13] low-dimensional perovskite, [14] or ionic liquid, [15] and so on. Along with the evolvement of these additive strategies, [10a,b] a kind of additive with cross-linking effect stands out, [16] which can suppress ions migration and meanwhile passivate defects at grain boundaries. [16a,17] Recently, Song et al. introduced poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) into perovskite precursor ink, achieving an effective chemically anchor at the grain boundaries, regulating the crystallization and reducing grain-boundary defects by the in situ cross-linking polymerization after thermal annealing process of perovskite films. In addition, the in situ cross-linking of PEGDMA can limit the thermal expansion of perovskites during thermal annealing, which released the residual strain to enhance the mechanical stability of the perovskite film. [18] Sun et al. adopt a cross-linking oligomer of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate to improve both the efficiency and stability of PSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2023

Solar RRL

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“…The color of the control one exhibited a rapid change from black to light brown after 200 h exposure, which is attributed to the degradation of MAPbI 3 to iodide or non-perovskite phases (Figure b). While the degradation of BrThCOOH-modified perovskite films is suppressed, the XRD pattern of the BrThCOOH-modified films indicated that only a small peak of lead iodide was detected after 200 h of storage in ambient environments (Figure c). , The moisture stability of perovskite films is enhanced after BrThCOOH modification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Thiophene Cascading SnO₂/Perovskite Interfaces for Efficient and Stable MAPbI₃ Photovoltaics

Wang,

Wu,

Cao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are significantly affected by inherent defects of SnO2 and perovskite layers. In this work, we incorporate 2-bromo-3-thiophenic acid (BrThCOOH) as a multifunctional passivant to simultaneously passivate the defects of SnO2 surface and perovskite layer. BrThCOOH permeates evenly into the MAPbI3 and coordinates with Pb2+ and iodine vacancies (VI +) to reduce surface defect density and inhibit the decomposition of MAPbI3. Carboxylic acid effectively passives the oxygen vacancy on the surface of SnO2 through coordination bonds, reducing the probability of electron capture by SnO2 surface defects, thus contributing to electron transport in device. The interaction of BrThCOOH with MAPbI3 and SnO2 surfaces leads to an upward shift in energy levels, reducing energy loss during charge migration. The optimal MAPbI3 device with BrThCOOH-modified SnO2 (T-SnO2) reveals an improved PCE of 21.12%, much higher than that of the control one (19.12%). The hydrophobicity of BrThCOOH-modified MAPbI3 is also improved, which is beneficial to the durability of the device. After 100 h of storage in the environment, the generated PSCs maintain their initial PCE of 75%, demonstrating excellent long-term stability without any encapsulation.

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“…Then, the crystallinity of perovskite films deposited on the substrate with different heattransfer abilities was studied (Figures S11−14, Supporting Note S2), and the pero-CL-MZ film displayed high quality with large grains, few grain boundaries, and a preferential crystal orientation (Supporting Note S3). 16 This result suggests that the MZ can facilitate PbI 2 conversion and enhance perovskite crystallinity on plastic substrates.…”

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confidence: 94%

Realizing 23.9% Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Alleviating the Residual Strain Induced by Delayed Heat Transfer

Wu,

Xu,

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Energy Lett.

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Flexible perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have aroused widespread interest because of their unique advantages in lightweight and portable electronics applications. However, the delayed heat transfer caused by plastic substrates can severely affect the reaction activity and diffusivity of cations during perovskite growth, resulting in spatial composition inhomogeneity and residual strain in the perovskite film. Here, a cross-linker 4,5-(3-methyloxetane) dicarboxylate imidazole (MZ) is designed to regulate crystallization kinetics precisely for controlling composition distribution in perovskite films on plastic substrates. The MZ can coordinate with Pb 2+ to form a mesoporous scaffold of lead iodide film and increase the activation energy for perovskite crystal formation, which can inhibit cation reaction in the top region and accelerate their downward diffusion. Consequently, the compositional inhomogeneity and residual strain can be effectively alleviated. Finally, the 0.062 and 1.004 cm 2 flexible pero-SCs achieved record power conversion efficiencies of 23.94% (certified 23.57%) and 21.87% with enhanced operational and mechanical stability.

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In situ crosslinking-assisted perovskite grain growth for mechanically robust flexible perovskite solar cells with 23.4% efficiency

Cited by 104 publications

References 46 publications

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Thiophene Cascading SnO₂/Perovskite Interfaces for Efficient and Stable MAPbI₃ Photovoltaics

Realizing 23.9% Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Alleviating the Residual Strain Induced by Delayed Heat Transfer

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In situ crosslinking-assisted perovskite grain growth for mechanically robust flexible perovskite solar cells with 23.4% efficiency

Cited by 104 publications

References 46 publications

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Dual Cross‐Linked Functional Layers for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Multifunctional Thiophene Cascading SnO2/Perovskite Interfaces for Efficient and Stable MAPbI3 Photovoltaics

Realizing 23.9% Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Alleviating the Residual Strain Induced by Delayed Heat Transfer

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Multifunctional Thiophene Cascading SnO₂/Perovskite Interfaces for Efficient and Stable MAPbI₃ Photovoltaics