In situ evaluation of the protein value of soybean meal and processed full fat soybeans for ruminants

Abstract

-The rumen degradation and the intestinal digestion of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of different samples of soybean meal (SBM) and full-fat soybean (FFS) were determined using in situ techniques. Rumen effective degradability (ED) was determined in three rumen fistulated wethers on nine SBM samples, obtained by solvent extraction (SBM1 to 8) and by expelling (SBM9), and on five FFS samples, treated by extrusion (FFS1 to 4) and by toasting (FFS5). Intestinal digestibility (ID) in the original feed and in the feed residues after rumen incubation for 8 and 24 h was determined in three duodenal fistulated wethers for three samples of SBM (6, 8 and 9) and two samples of FFS (2 and 3). No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the mean values of SBM and FFS for the degradation kinetic parameters and the ED of both DM and CP. On the contrary, differences were found within each feed category. The ED of CP of SBM9 (46.1%) was lower than that of all solvent extracted meals, which ranged from 55.8 to 67.0%. The ED of CP for FFS5 (toasted) was equal to the minimum value of the range of the extruded samples (57.3 to 71.3%). The ED of CP was more closely correlated with the variation of the degradation rate (k d ) (r = 0.92; P < 0.001) than with the soluble (a) or the potentially degradable (b) fractions (r = 0.67 and -0.68, respectively; P < 0.01). On the other hand, the degradation parameters of DM and CP were closely correlated (r = 0.92, 0.92, 0.81 and 0.79 for ED, k d , b and a, respectively; P < 0.001). The effects of rumen pre-incubation time on the ID of CP, only recorded for three samples, were variable and relatively small in magnitude. The mean values of the ID of CP were similar among samples (from 95.9 to 97.6%). The protein value of soybean products is mainly determined by the ED of CP, since the increases of by-pass digestible protein, associated with its reduction, largely exceed the reductions in the microbial protein synthesis caused by the decreased feed degradability.soybean meal / full fat soybean / rumen degradability / intestinal digestibility / protein value 455 * Correspondence and reprints e-mail: jgonzalez@pan.etsia.upm.es Anim. Res. 51 (2002) 455-464  INRA, EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/animres:2002039Résumé --Estimation in situ de la valeur azotée du tourteau de soja et des graines de soja chez les ruminants. La dégradabilité théorique (DT) dans le rumen et la digestibilité intestinale (DI) de la matière sèche (MS) et des matières azotées totales (MAT) de différents échantillons de tourteau de soja (TS) et de graines de soja (GS) ont été déterminées par la méthode des sachets de nylon. La DT a été mesurée sur trois béliers munis d'une canule du rumen, pour neuf TS obtenus soit par extraction à l'hexane (TS1 à 8) soit par pression (TS9), et pour cinq GS extrudées (GS1 à 4) ou chauffées (GS5). La DI des aliments et des résidus alimentaires après 8 et 24 h d'incubation dans le rumen a été établie sur trois béliers fistulés au niveau du duodénum, pour trois TS (6, 8 et 9) ...

Estimation of Relationship Between In Situ and In Vitro Rumen Protein Degradability of Extruded Full Fat Soybean

“…These values are similar to those reported by Demir and Şekeroğlu (2000) (91.24%), by Nowak et al (2005) (90.5%, 91.3% and 90.8%), and by Griffiths (2004) (92.5%) and they were lower than those reported by Bargalea et al (1999) (96.25%, 96.27% and 96.28%). The CA values of ESB in present study ranged from 4.6% to 7.6% which are similar to the values reported by Bargalea et al (1999) (4.65%, 4.72% and 4.67%), by Demir and Şekeroğlu (2000) (4.81%), by Gonzalez et al (2002) (between 4.82% and 6.24%), by Griffiths (2004) (5.2%), by Nowak et al (2005) (5.1%, 5.2% and 5.2%). In the study NDF and ADF values of ESB were 9.3% to 13.5% and 6.7% to 10.7% respectively and they are lower than those reported by TroegelerMeynadıer et al (2006) (NDF: 27.8% and ADF: 14.8%) and by Nowak et al (2005) (NDF: 29.6%, 27.6%, 27.8%; ADF: 20.4%,19.3% and 19.2%).…”

“…In the study NDF and ADF values of ESB were 9.3% to 13.5% and 6.7% to 10.7% respectively and they are lower than those reported by TroegelerMeynadıer et al (2006) (NDF: 27.8% and ADF: 14.8%) and by Nowak et al (2005) (NDF: 29.6%, 27.6%, 27.8%; ADF: 20.4%,19.3% and 19.2%). NDF values of ESB were determined by Gonzalez et al, 2002 as between 12.3% and 19.6% which are also somewhat higher than the relevant values of this study but ADF values reported by same researchers (between 7.05% and 10.9%) were similar to ADF values in this study. CF values (5.6% to 9.5%) in the present study are similar to those reported by Demir and Şekeroğlu (2000) (5.48%), by Nowak et al (2005) (6.8%, 6.4% and 6.0%), but they are lower than those written by Griffiths (2004) (11%), by Bargalea et al (1999) (13.9%, 13.8% and 16.6%).…”

“…In situ effective protein degradability of ESB (INS E ) in this study is higher than those of found by Nowak et al (2005) and by Griffiths (2004). The reason for the differences; could be caused by the chemical composition of feed samples (Gonzalez et al 2002), the pore size of nylon bags, the particle size of the feed samples, differences between cannulated animals, differences in the processing of protein sources (Canbolat, 2005), differences in the rations consumed by animals (Yalçın et al 1998;Yörük et al 2003;Deniz et al 2004). Kirkpatrick and Kennelly (1987) reported that the degradability of CP increases with increasing CP level in the ration.…”

Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins

“…This could be associated with the concentration of CTs; the greatest CT concentration in R. glutinosa leaves had the least DM disappearance of the potentially degradable fraction. The CTs depress DM degradability (Gonzalez et al, 2002;Gupta et al, 2011). In general, E. capensis leaves had the greatest values for slowly degradable fraction, effective degradability and rate of degradation c as compared to values recorded for other plants (P < 0.001).…”

Malic acid combined with heat treatment to protect protein from soybean meal against rumen degradation

“…As a result, efforts have been made to protect good quality proteins from microbial actions. In SBM, obtained by solvent extraction, an important fraction of the CP (60-70%) is usually degraded in the rumen [12,16,22] and therefore, protection is of interest. Denaturation of proteins through treatment with acid solutions have been essayed with this purpose on different feeds [5,25,26], generally showing positive effects.…”