In Situ Fabrication of Activated Carbon from a Bio-Waste Desmostachya bipinnata for the Improved Supercapacitor Performance

Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly capacitive activated carbon (AC) using a bio-waste Kusha grass (Desmostachya bipinnata), by employing a chemical process followed by activation through KOH. The as-synthesized few-layered activated carbon has been confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The chemical environment of the as-prepared sample has been accessed through FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy. The surface area and porosity of the as-synthesized material have been accessed through the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. All the electrochemical measurements have been performed through cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charging/discharging (GCD) method, but primarily, we focus on GCD due to the accuracy of the technique. Moreover, the as-synthesized AC material shows a maximum specific capacitance as 218 F g−1 in the potential window ranging from − 0.35 to + 0.45 V. Also, the AC exhibits an excellent energy density of ~ 19.3 Wh kg−1 and power density of ~ 277.92 W kg−1, respectively, in the same operating potential window. It has also shown very good capacitance retention capability even after 5000th cycles. The fabricated supercapacitor shows a good energy density and power density, respectively, and good retention in capacitance at remarkably higher charging/discharging rates with excellent cycling stability. Henceforth, bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) shows good promise and can be applied in supercapacitor applications due to its outstanding electrochemical properties. Herein, we envision that our results illustrate a simple and innovative approach to synthesize a bio-waste Kusha grass-derived activated carbon (DP-AC) as an emerging supercapacitor electrode material and widen its practical application in electrochemical energy storage fields.

Surface and Structural Modulation of Waste‐Derived, Boron‐Doped Carbon to Enhance its Adsorption Efficiency for Lead Removal from Wastewater

“…In our case, ID/IG ratio is observed to be 0.93 and corresponds to the activated carbon [33] . Moreover, the presence of a 2D band at ∼2700 cm −1 (two phonons double resonance phenomenon) reveals the presence of a few layers of graphene oxide nanosheets [34] …”

Borassus flabelliferFruit Flesh Derived Hierarchical Porous Partly Graphitic Carbon as a Sustainable Electrode for Supercapacitors

“…According to the available literature, the π–π* transition occurs in the range of 180–260 nm for carbon material . Gupta et al reported a characteristic UV–vis absorption peak at 264 nm for AC derived from Kusha grass . Thus, an excitation wavelength of 264 nm was utilized for the PL study and is presented in Figure S5 in the Supporting Information.…”

“…73 Gupta et al reported a characteristic UV−vis absorption peak at 264 nm for AC derived from Kusha grass. 74 Thus, an excitation wavelength of 264 nm was utilized for the PL study and is presented in Figure S5 in the Supporting Information. The PL spectra reveal identical curve shapes for BFF and ABFF carbon with two distinct emission bands at ∼416 and 440 nm.…”

A Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Natural Fibers for Supercapacitor Application

“…Additional studies are essential to minimize the main knowledge gaps in the field of sustainable materials for energy storage applications. This review shows that relatively inexpensive and renewable resources from plants are (Gupta et al, 2021) Thilageshwaran Subramaniam , Mohamed Ansari Mohamed Nainar and Noor Afeefah Nordin highly porous carbon and can be converted into useful products, such as supercapacitors for energy storage applications, which are expected to be in great demand in the future.…”

“…Furthermore, AC-SPN-3 has the highest specific capacitance of 313 and 215 F/g in 6M KOH and TMABF 4 electrolytes, respectively, compared to other samples as shown in Figure 14(b). Gupta et al (2021) synthesized activated carbon from Desmostachya bipinnata (Kusha grass) and studied its electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor electrode (Gupta et al, 2021). The description of steps involved in the DP-AC synthesis is as shown in Figure 15.…”