Nanopatterning using self-assembled thin films of degradable block copolymers (BCPs) has attracted considerable attention and inspired a variety of appealing applications in different research areas. To create useful nanopatterns for practical uses, controlling the orientation of the BCP microdomains is essential. The generation of oriented microdomains in BCP thin films will be discussed in this article. This discussion is followed by a review of methods that use polylactide-containing BCP (that is, polystyrene-b-poly(L-lactide) (PS-PLLA)) thin films to generate nanoporous PS after hydrolysis, which can be used for templated synthesis to create functional nanohybrids. The nanoporous PS thin films with well-oriented cylinder nanochannels can be used for pore-filling various ingredients to create specific drug delivery systems and optoelectronic devices. Moreover, by utilizing templated synthesis, nanoporous ceramics with a high-specific surface area and high porosity can be fabricated for optical applications using hydrolyzed gyroid-forming PS-PLLA as a template for the sol-gel reaction. In addition, the nanolithography applications using silicon-containing BCP (that is, polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane) thin films, which can form inorganic nanoporous templates after oxygen plasma treatment, will be discussed in this review. In recent decades, block copolymers (BCPs) have been extensively investigated because of their ability to self-assemble into various ordered nanostructures, such as spheres, cylinders, gyroids and lamellae, owing to the incompatibility of their constituent blocks and the corresponding chemical junction. 1,2 Well-defined nanostructured phases can be tailored by the molecular engineering of synthetic BCPs to obtain promising features for nanotechnological applications. For such nanostructured materials to prove useful in thin-film applications, thin-film samples with oriented periodic arrays over a large area must be formed to generate a uniform thickness and sufficiently thin films with well-ordered BCP microdomains. Nanoporous materials from BCP thin films have been attracted considerable attention owing to their appealing applications in different research areas. The etching techniques used to generate nanoporous materials can be classified as wet and dry processes depending on the etching methods. 3 The wet etching process is a common approach for fabricating nanoporous materials. By utilizing the degradable character of polymer chains, nanoporous polymers can be fabricated using self-assembled nanostructures through the selective degeneration of one of the constituent blocks. For instance, polylactide-containing BCPs can be used to fabricate nanoporous polymeric materials because of the unstable character of the ester group, which can be hydrolytically decomposed. 4 After hydrolysis of the polylactide segments, a nanoporous thin film with a uniform thickness and domain size can be successfully prepared on different substrates. Consequently, the nanoporous thin films can be used as nanor...