In situ formation of composite thin film with (111) oriented Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 pillar array surrounded by BaTiO3 for ferroelectric-ferromagnetic coupling

Mechanism of Doping-Induced Orientation of Magnetic Phase in a Sol–Gel-Derived Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/BaTiO3 Multiferroic Thin Film with High Magnetoelectric Coupling

“…In this case, 1–3-type composite thin films with (111)-oriented NZFO pillar column array in the BTO matrix can be finally naturally obtained as shown in the schematic picture in Figure a. The structure has been demonstrated in the work published previously . It may contribute to 1–3 multiferroic composite interestingly with a giant ME effect. ,, In fact, the magnetic moment versus measuring temperature ( M – T ) of the thin film after covering the pure nano-BTO layer is revealed in Figure b–d.…”

“…Repeating spin-coating and annealing four times controls the thickness of composite thin films to ∼200 nm, and then covering the four-layered pure BTO annealed at 650 °C for 1 h per layer regulates the whole thickness to ∼300 nm in the multilayered composite thin film for measuring their multiferroic properties. The detailed process can be seen in Supporting Information Figure S1 and also published elsewhere …”

“…The structure has been demonstrated in the work published previously. 9 It may contribute to 1−3 multiferroic composite interestingly with a giant ME effect. 15,23,24 In fact, the magnetic moment versus measuring temperature (M−T) of the thin film after covering the pure nano-BTO layer is revealed in Figure 10b−d.…”

“…The detailed process can be seen in Supporting Information Figure S1 and also published elsewhere. 9 X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the composite thin films were measured by a Rigaku-MAX-C (Cu Kα, radiation) in normal θ−2θ scans. The morphology and microstructure were observed by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, SU-8010, Japan Hitachi Corporation), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a selected area electron diffractometer (SAED) (CM200, Philips).…”

“…Overwhelming attention has been paid to multiferroic composite thin films due to their potential magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect, and they are expected to be an influential candidate for the application of next-generation high-density storage and fast multistate response. − The development of ME coupling can make it possible to control the electrical properties by a magnetic field or, conversely, magnetic quantities by an electric field, satisfying the increasing need of miniaturized and multifunctional devices. − …”