“…Below the solubility limit (0.05 wt%, room temperature), the reinforcement contribution of C solid solution to the α‐Ti matrix is about 7 MPa per 0.01 wt% [C]. [
37 ] The substitutional solid solution strengthening effect of Si can be quantitatively expressed by the Fleischer model [
38,39 ]
where M is the Taylor factor (= 3.1), G is the shear modulus of Ti matrix (= 45 GPa), b is the Burgers vector (= 0.24 nm), and c is the concentration of substitutional solutes. ε g and ε a are the lattice strain caused by the mismatch of elastic and atomic size between the Si and Ti atoms, respectively.…”