In-Situ Formed Phosphorus Modified Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Good Flame Retardancy and Cycling Stability for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a promising substitution for traditional liquid electrolytes. However, GPE is still troubled mainly by its sluggish ionic conductivity and inferior interfacial compatibility with electrodes. Herein, a phosphorus-modified GPE was fabricated by in situ incorporation of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix during the self-polymerization of monomers. The developed GPE exhibited high ionic conductivity (1.083 mS·cm–1 at 30 °C), an enhanced Li+ transference number (0.43), and a wide electrochemical stability window (5.2 V vs Li+/Li), while good thermal stability and improved flame retardancy can also be achieved. Differential scanning calorimeter measurements confirmed that the crystallinity of the PMMA matrix was not changed as BP nanosheets were incorporated. Further investigation proved that BP nanosheets contained in PMMA segments effectively immobilized the anions to decrease the coordination number around Li+. As a result, Li+ ion transport through the GPE was facilitated, which promoted the uniform stripping/plating of lithium while cycling the lithium symmetry cell. Based on the phosphorus-modified GPE, the Li|LiFePO4 and Li|LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries and graphite|LiFePO4 soft-package battery exhibited encouraging electrochemical performances and safety properties.

Bio-Inspired Polydopamine-Modified ZIF-90-Supported Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High-Safety Lithium Metal Batteries

“…During the 100–158 °C stage, a slight weight loss is observed, corresponding to the volatilization of FEC. Subsequently, a second weight decrease starting at 240 °C corresponds to the degradation of polymer network, the decomposition and volatilization of IL occurred above 300 °C, and the weight loss starting at 387 °C can be attributed to the deformation and oxidation of the ZIF-90 framework. , Remarkably, the ZIF-90@PDA GPE retains 22% residual weight even at a high temperature of 600 °C, which reduces the risk of thermal runaway of batteries at high temperatures. In addition, in Figure , we investigated the behavior of LE-based gel, IL-based gel, and the gel comprising 20 wt % FEC and 80 wt % IL under flame exposure.…”

“…In light of the current environmental pollution and fossil energy crisis, there is an urgent demand for efficient, clean, and safe energy storage systems. , Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered to be a powerful candidate for a new generation of energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) and low reduction potential (−3.04 V vs a standard hydrogen electrode) . However, the prevalent use of organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) in commercial lithium batteries poses safety challenges, such as flammability and volatility, leading to potential risks of fire and explosion . Furthermore, the reactivity of metal lithium with LEs promotes the formation of lithium dendrites, which not only compromises battery performance and life span but also poses risks of short circuits. , Therefore, it is imperative to develop high-safety LMBs.…”

“…3 However, the prevalent use of organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) in commercial lithium batteries poses safety challenges, such as flammability and volatility, leading to potential risks of fire and explosion. 4 Furthermore, the reactivity of metal lithium with LEs promotes the formation of lithium dendrites, which not only compromises battery performance and life span but also poses risks of short circuits. 5,6 Therefore, it is imperative to develop high-safety LMBs.…”

Elucidating the capacitive behavior of Gd-doped BNT-BKT-BT electrodes in All-in-One supercapacitor devices

“…Supercapacitors are a powerful tool to test the materials system's capacitive behavior [10]. Compared to other energy storage devices like monovalent [11][12][13], divalent [14][15][16], including Zn, Ca, and dual ion, and trivalent [17] ion-based batteries, supercapacitors have a much higher power density but lack energy density, a feature that can be improved by changing the properties of the electrode materials. Recent research on understanding the role of structural defects in the form of oxygen vacancies in the electrode material has shown substantial improvement in the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors [18].…”

Three-Dimensional Porous Structural Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Blending Ethylene Carbonate and MIL-125 (Ti) Composite Membrane-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Battery

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) as the intermediate state between liquid electrolyte and solid-state electrolyte is expected to have both functional interphase and high ionic conductivity at 25 °C for satisfactory high-performance lithium metal battery. [21][22][23] But in GPE, polymer matrix with high crystallinity usually limits the inter-movement of the chain segments and results in weak mechanical properties with reduced porosity. [24][25][26] These disadvantages are opposite to the transfer of Li ions (Li + ).…”