In situ forming implants for local chemotherapy and hyperthermia of bone tumors

Abstract

Hyperthermia, an established adjuvant in cancer treatment, potentiates the effects of anticancer drugs and synergetic combination can be obtained improving the therapeutic outcome. Bone metastases may benefit from this combination when treated through in situ forming implants. Once loaded with magnetizable (nano-) particles and antineoplastic agents, these implants allow for the local application of magnetically-induced hyperthermia and the release of an anticancer drug. The implant can be heated applying an external magnetic field, sensitizing the surrounding tumoral tissues, while releasing the chemotherapeutic agent.Moreover, bone implants provide mechanical support to the weakened bone and consequently relieve pain.This review gives an overview of the current knowledge as well as the rationale of combining locally both magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy using in situ forming implants in the field of bone metastases treatment. KeywordsInduced hyperthermia, chemotherapy, drug delivery systems, in situ forming implants, iron oxide nanoparticles, bone metastases, cementoplasty, vertebroplasty 3

PMMA-Fe3O4 for internal mechanical support and magnetic thermal ablation of bone tumors

“…It has been reported that irreversible cellular damage occurs when heating tissues at 43 °C for several hours, and cell death arises with continuous heat for 4-6 min at 50-55 °C. When the temperature reaches 60-100 °C, tissue coagulation occurs nearly immediately, while at temperatures greater than 100 °C, tissue becomes vaporized and carbonized 47-50. Our results are consistent with the literature, and our target temperature is greater than 60 °C, which can effectively and quickly induce tumor necrosis and stimulate the immune system through the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs).…”

Nanotechnology in orthopedics

“…29 Recent research has uncovered nanomaterials that are able to identify and deliver drug therapies to cancerous bones in a targeted manner. 30 Some examples of these new nanotherapies include a magnetite-enriched collagen hydroxyapatite biocomposite for bone grafting material, a three dimensional nanomagnetite-chitosan rod for local hypothermia, and a magnetite-hydroxyapatite composite that aids direct bonding to bones. [31][32][33] Nanotechnology for targeted drug therapy originally began through the use of large particles (i.e.…”

Injectable and thermally contractible hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/Fe3O4 for magnetic hyperthermia ablation of tumors

“…In our experiments, the heating temperature could exceed 60°C, the tumor cells appeared apoptotic and coagulative necrosis occurred in the tumor tissues. Moreover, cancerous tissues have been reported to exhibit higher sensitivity to hyperthermia than normal tissues [50].…”