1,2- and 1,4-dihydropyridines react with alkoxycarbene complexes
of chromium and tungsten to give,
upon an unprecedented hydride transfer, alcohol elimination, and
pyridine fixation on the carbene carbon, a new
class of air-stable pyridinium ylide complexes. These
pyridine-protected alkylidene complexes of chromium(0)
and
tungsten(0) were fully characterized by X-ray crystallography.
In the case of
(CO)5WC(CH3)(OEt) (5a),
besides
the pyridinium ylide complex
(CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(pyridine)+
(7a), the dihydropyridinium complex
(CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(2,5-dihydropyridine)+
(8a) was also isolated. The intermediate tungstate
(CO)5W-−C(H)(CH3)(OEt)(CH3NC5H5)+ could be easily obtained
and characterized by using, as reducing agent,
N-methyldihydropyridine. Whereas
phenyl-substituted pyridinium complexes easily transferred the
benzylidene moiety to alkenes, alkyl-substituted
complexes appeared more reluctant to such a transfer: satisfactory
results were observed in the case of nucleophilic
olefins such as enol ethers. However, straightforward transfer of
the tungsten(0) alkylidene group took place, even
at room temperature, in the case of alkoxycarbene complexes tethered to
alkenes, giving access, upon intramolecular
cyclopropanation reactions, to polycyclic systems.