In recent years, noticeable progress is achieved regarding alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs). Due to their merits of safety and low cost, ARBs are considered promising energy storage sources for large-scale grid energy storage, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, as well as wearable and portable devices. While previous reviews have focused on specific topics associated with ARBs, providing a comprehensive review on rechargeable alkaline batteries is both timely and worthwhile. In this review, the recent progress in ARBs is summarized and the strategies underlying rational electrode designs for cathodes and anodes are highlighted, as well as their applications in full cells including flexible batteries. This review may pave the way for further designs of high-performance alkaline batteries. and a LiMn 2 O 4 cathode in 1994. [10] However, the electrolyzation of H 2 O limits the operating voltage window of ARABs, which are stable within ≈1.23 V. Furthermore, the electrode materials should be selected so that they avoid the electrolysis of H 2 O and maintain chemical stability in H 2 O. [3a] However, the preferred LIB cathodes, such as LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and LiFePO 4 , which display a reversible capacity of 140, [11] 120, [12] and 170 mAh g −1 , [13] respectively, exhibit narrow working potentials and high stability in aqueous solutions but can take part in one-electron reactions at most. In addition, promising anode materials, such as VO 2 , [14] V 2 O 5 , [15] and H 2 V 3 O 8 , [16] possess the theoretical capacity or show the highest reversible capacity of only 161.6, 200, and 234 mAh g −1 , respectively, [3a] thereby leading to a full cell with a low energy density under the limited operating voltage window in aqueous electrolytes. Although the so-called "water-in-salt" electrolyte and its many variations can enable aqueous batteries with an electrochemical stability window of >3.0 V and an energy density of 200 Wh kg −1 , respectively, the ultrahighly concentrated electrolyte makes the cost too high for practical applications. [17] Since the early 20th century, alkaline rechargeable batteries (ARBs) based on nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) and nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) have been established and developed by Jüngner and Edison. [18] These batteries, which use alkaline solution as electrolytes, undergo an entirely different storage mechanism from ARABs and involve H + insertion/extraction and conversion processes from the alkali-metal ion insertion/extraction. Take the reaction mechanism of Ni-Fe batteries as an example