In-situ heavy oil viscosity prediction at high temperatures using low-field NMR relaxometry and nonlinear least squares

Markovic, Strahinja; Bryan, J.; Turakhanov, Aman; Mehta, S.A.; Kantzas, Apostolos

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116328

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Among its many attributes, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation is a versatile nondestructive technique for measuring crude oil viscosity and composition, thus providing a unique contribution to the characterization of light crude oils, heavy crude oils, and bitumen. − However, the 1 H NMR relaxation mechanism in crude oils at high viscosity such as heavy oils and bitumen remains elusive and a topic of great debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

et al. 2020

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The mechanism behind the 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency dependence of T 1 and the viscosity dependence of T 2 for polydisperse polymers and bitumen remains elusive. We elucidate the matter through NMR relaxation measurements of polydisperse polymers over an extended range of frequencies ( f 0 = 0.01−400 MHz) and viscosities (η = 385−102 000 cP) using T 1 and T 2 in static fields, T 1 field-cycling relaxometry, and T 1ρ in the rotating frame. We account for the anomalous behavior of the log-mean relaxation times T 1LM ∝ f 0 and T 2LM ∝ (η/T) −1/2 with a phenomenological model of 1 H− 1 H dipole−dipole relaxation, which includes a distribution in molecular correlation times and internal motions of the nonrigid polymer branches. We show that the model also accounts for the anomalous T 1LM and T 2LM in previously reported bitumen measurements. We find that molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the T 1 ∝ f 0 dispersion and T 2 of similar polymers simulated over a range of viscosities (η = 1−1000 cP) are in good agreement with measurements and the model. The T 1 ∝ f 0 dispersion at high viscosities agrees with previously reported MD simulations of heptane confined in a polymer matrix, which suggests a common NMR relaxation mechanism between viscous polydisperse fluids and fluids under nanoconfinement, without the need to invoke paramagnetism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

et al. 2020

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“…T 2 relaxation times for the water-wet Bentheimer sandstone (saturated with liquid THF solution at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, before hydrate formation) ranged from 100 to 2238 ms, and the NMR porosity (φ) was 22%; note that at this temperature and pressure, the hydrate saturation ( S h ) was 0. However, hydrate formed when temperature was lowered from 298.15 to 277.15 K (at 0.1 MPa), which reduced the pore sizes; simultaneously, the T 2 spectrum shifted left toward lower relaxation times (40–560 ms) as most of the free water turned into THF hydrate. Hence, the porosity decreased to 6%, and hydrate filled 73% of the pore space.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Rock Wettability on THF Hydrate Saturation and Distribution in Sandstones

et al. 2021

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Natural gas trapped in hydrate deposits is a potentially enormous source of energy which can in principle be extracted from the underground reservoir structures. These reserves can potentially also catastrophically release very large quantities of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. One key parameter which is well known to strongly influence fluid distribution, saturation, and production is rock wettability. However, the effect of wettability on gas hydrate in sediments has not been investigated yet. We thus used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry to measure relaxation times (T 2 and T 1 ) and the corresponding surface relaxivity of tetrahydrofuran hydrate during the formation and dissociation in water-and oil-wet Bentheimer sandstones. We also measured the NMR porosities and hydrate saturations at different temperatures during hydrate formation/dissociation for both water-wet and oil-wet sandstones. Significantly higher hydrate saturation was observed in the water-wet sandstone (when compared to the oil-wet sandstone) at all stages of hydrate formation and dissociation. Furthermore, the T 2 spectra moved from the lower relaxation domain (before hydrate formation) to the fast relaxation domain (after hydrate formation) in both water-wet and oil-wet sandstones. However, the water-wet sandstone generally had a T 2 relaxation range due to the higher water affinity to the water-wet rock and the associated faster demagnetization of the water molecules. These results demonstrate that low-field NMR can be used to quantify the rock wettability and observe hydrate behavior in geologic sediments. This fundamental information thus aids in the development of gas extraction from hydrate reservoirs and the assessment of potential greenhouse gas emissions from such reservoirs into the atmosphere.

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“…NMR can be used to assess the oil saturations at different times, help in monitoring the remaining oil saturation for different EOR techniques in the reservoir (using NMR logging) and in the laboratory (Allsopp et al 2001;Bryan et al 2006a, b;Bryan et al 2006a, b;Goodarzi et al 2005). Low-field NMR measurements can be used in the laboratory measurements to evaluate the EOR treatments for various types of conventional reservoirs (such as light and heavy oils) and unconventional reservoirs (such as shale oils) (Dong et al, 2020;Markovic et al 2020). The primary objective of NMR measurements is to screen different chemicals for the EOR applications, such as CO 2 , surfactant, and polymer flooding (Arora et al 2010;Mitchell et al 2012bSuekane et al 2009).…”

Section: Enhanced Oil Recovery Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements

Elsayed

Isah

Hiba

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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This review presents the latest update, applications, techniques of the NMR tools in both laboratory and field scales in the oil and gas upstream industry. The applications of NMR in the laboratory scale were thoroughly reviewed and summarized such as porosity, pores size distribution, permeability, saturations, capillary pressure, and wettability. NMR is an emerging tool to evaluate the improved oil recovery techniques, and it was found to be better than the current techniques used for screening, evaluation, and assessment. For example, NMR can define the recovery of oil/gas from the different pore systems in the rocks compared to other macroscopic techniques that only assess the bulk recovery. This manuscript included different applications for the NMR in enhanced oil recovery research. Also, NMR can be used to evaluate the damage potential of drilling, completion, and production fluids laboratory and field scales. Currently, NMR is used to evaluate the emulsion droplet size and its behavior in the pore space in different applications such as enhanced oil recovery, drilling, completion, etc. NMR tools in the laboratory and field scales can be used to assess the unconventional gas resources and NMR showed a very good potential for exploration and production advancement in unconventional gas fields compared to other tools. Field applications of NMR during exploration and drilling such as logging while drilling, geosteering, etc., were reviewed as well. Finally, the future and potential research directions of NMR tools were introduced which include the application of multi-dimensional NMR and the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data during the logging while drilling operations.

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In-situ heavy oil viscosity prediction at high temperatures using low-field NMR relaxometry and nonlinear least squares

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

Influence of Rock Wettability on THF Hydrate Saturation and Distribution in Sandstones

A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements

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In-situ heavy oil viscosity prediction at high temperatures using low-field NMR relaxometry and nonlinear least squares

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Elucidating the 1H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

Elucidating the 1H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

Influence of Rock Wettability on THF Hydrate Saturation and Distribution in Sandstones

A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models

Elucidating the ¹H NMR Relaxation Mechanism in Polydisperse Polymers and Bitumen Using Measurements, MD Simulations, and Models