In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency

Delis, Konstantinos T.; Husmann, Marc; Kalodiki, Evi; Wolfe, John H.; Nicolaides, Andrew

doi:10.1067/mva.2001.112707

Cited by 80 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…29,30 Failure of the valves in the communicating perforator veins may also allow high pressure to enter into the superficial system. 31,32 Perforator valve incompetence allows blood to flow from deep veins backward into the superficial system with force because of the high pressures generated by the muscle pump action. This excessive local pressure can produce dilatation of the superficial veins and their valve cusps with secondary failure of the valves.…”

Section: Venous Pathophysiology and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Venous Pathophysiology and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Clinically relevant perforator vein incompetence is typically associated with reflux of the deep and/or superficial venous system. 21,22 Obstruction of the deep veins may limit the outflow of blood, causing increased venous pressure with muscle contraction and secondary muscle pump dysfunction. Obstruction may occur because of an intrinsic venous process, such as previous DVT with inadequate recanalization or venous stenosis, or because of extrinsic compression, as in MayThurner syndrome (compression of the left common iliac vein as it traverses between the right common iliac artery and the lumbosacral region).…”

Section: Venous Pathophysiology and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 Perforator valve incompetence allows blood to flow from deep veins backward into the superficial system and the transmission of the high pressures generated by the calf muscle pump. This local high pressure can produce excessive venous dilatation and secondary failure of superficial vein valves.…”

Section: Venous Pathophysiology and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

C hronic venous disease is often overlooked by primary and cardiovascular care providers because of an underappreciation of the magnitude and impact of the problem. The importance of chronic venous disease is related to the number of people with the disease and the socioeconomic impact of its more severe manifestations. Unfortunately, the literature concerning the prevalence and incidence of chronic venous disease has varied greatly because of differences in the methods of evaluation, criteria for definition, and the geographic regions analyzed. The most common manifestations of chronic venous disease are dilated cutaneous veins, such as telangiectases and reticular veins, and varicose veins. The term chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) describes a condition that affects the venous system of the lower extremities with venous hypertension causing various pathologies including pain, swelling, edema, skin changes, and ulcerations. Although the term CVI is often used to exclude uncomplicated varicose veins, varicose veins have incompetent valves with increased venous pressure leading to progressive dilation and tortuosity. We will use the term CVI to represent the full spectrum of manifestations of chronic venous disease.Varicose veins have an estimated prevalence between 5% to 30% in the adult population, with a female to male predominance of 3 to 1, although a more recent study supports a higher male prevalence. 1 The Edinburgh Vein Study screened 1566 subjects with duplex ultrasound for reflux finding CVI in 9.4% of men and 6.6% of women, after age adjustment, which rose significantly with age (21.2% in men Ͼ50 years old, and 12.0% in women Ͼ50 years old). 2 The San Valentino Vascular Screening Project found among the 30 000 subjects evaluated by clinical assessment and duplex ultrasound a prevalence of 7% for varicose veins and 0.86% for "symptomatic" CVI. 3 As in previous studies, CVI was more common with increasing age, but there was no significant sex difference. The rate of varicose vein development may be estimated from the Framingham Heart Study, which found an annual incidence of 2.6% in women and 1.9% in men. 4 Risk factors found to be associated with CVI include age, sex, a family history of varicose veins, obesity, pregnancy, phlebitis, and previous leg injury. 5,6 There also may be environmental or behavioral factors associated with CVI such as prolonged standing and perhaps a sitting posture at work. 6,7 Varicose veins have a significant impact on healthcare resources, with millions of people seeking medical attention for their cosmetic appearance annually. Although often minimized, the cosmetic consequences may adversely affect an individual's quality of life and are associated with other manifestations.The more serious consequences of CVI such as venous ulcers have an estimated prevalence of Ϸ0.3%, although active or healed ulcers are seen in Ϸ1% of the adult population. 8 It has been estimated that Ϸ2.5 million people have CVI in the United States, and of those, Ϸ20% develop venous ulcers. 9 The ov...

show abstract

“…PVs have varying appearances in terms of size and distribution. The prevalence of PVI increases linearly as the severity of DVI and SVI increases [13]. PVI is most frequently associated with reflux in SVS, followed by reflux in both SVS and DVS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Mechanism of valve dysfunction of PVs leading to CVI and hemodynamic role of PV has not yet been completely elucidated [13,18,19]. One of the asserted mechanisms of the incompetency is enlargement of the diameter, in which incompetent PVs may serve as the re-entry point for superficial blood flow into DVS of patients with VVs [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Significance of Perforating Venous Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency of Lower Extremity

Tolu¹,

Durmaz²

2018

Eurasian J Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the frequency and impact of perforating venous insufficiency (PVI) in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of lower extremity (LE). Results: PVI was revealed in 27.5% (n=571) of LEs. Varicose veins (VVs) related with perforating vein (PV) were revealed in 44.7% of LEs (n=929). PVI was observed in 50.91% of patients with chronic deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 64.41% with deep venous insufficiency (DVI), 59.81% with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency, 68.49% with small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency, 58.65% with accessory GSV insufficiency, and 58.77% with PV associated with VVs. There was a statistically significant relationship between PVI and chronic DVT, DVI, GSV, SSV, and accessory GSV insufficiency (p<0.001). A significant relationship was observed between the increase in PV diameter and the presence of PVI (p<0.001). Materials and MethodsConclusion: PVI is quite common in combined VI, and PV evaluation should be a part of LE venous system examination.

show abstract

In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency

Cited by 80 publications

References 30 publications

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Frequency and Significance of Perforating Venous Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency of Lower Extremity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About