In-situ hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxide nanorods on titanium wire for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanorods were prepared on the surface of titanium wire by hydrothermal synthesis for use as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The morphology of the SPME coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Employed in conjunction with gas chromatography (GC), the fiber was investigated with five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three terphenyls in direct-immersion extraction mode. Various parameters were optimized, such as the extraction time, the stirring rate, the extraction temperature, the ionic strength of the sample solution, and the desorption time. Under the optimized conditions, the SPME-GC analytical method achieved a low detection limit (0.003 μg L) and wide linear ranges (0.01-100 μg L and 0.01-200 μg L) along with good correlation coefficients (0.9892-0.9962). The established method was also used to analyze rainwater and an aqueous solution of coal ash. The results indicated that this fiber could be applied in real-world environmental monitoring. The proposed fiber also exhibited excellent durability. Graphical Abstract The schematic diagram of experimental process.

Selective solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water based on oriented phosphorus‐containing titanium oxide nanofibers grown on titanium support prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

“…The surface structure and morphology of the TiO 2 coatings have a great influence on their extraction performance [19,20]. Many researchers made great efforts to prepare different dimensional TiO 2 nanostructures, such as nanoparticles [21], nanotubes [22], nanowires [23], nanorods [24], and nanosheets [25] as fiber coatings. In comparison with other dimensional TiO 2 nanomaterials, one-dimensional nanostructures have high aspect ratios and are expected to show large specific surface areas, resulting in enhanced extraction performance.…”

“…In comparison with other dimensional TiO 2 nanomaterials, one-dimensional nanostructures have high aspect ratios and are expected to show large specific surface areas, resulting in enhanced extraction performance. Moreover, TiO 2 nanostructures can be in situ grown on Ti-based fiber with strong adhesion to metallic supports, high thermal stability, and good corrosion resistance [21][22][23][24][25]. In particular, one-dimensional array nanostructures have an accessible structure, which can allow for fast mass transfer of the analytes from the sample solution to the fiber coating [23][24][25].…”

Carbon nanotubes functionalized mesoporous silica for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

“…The development of efficient sorbents is very important for SPME. For several decades, various materials have been applied to the extraction coating such as mesoporous materials [7][8][9], ionic liquids [10,11], carbon materials [12][13][14], metal oxides [15][16][17], aerogels [18,19], metal organic frameworks [20,21], and so on. There are certain common characteristics in excellent extraction coatings such as large specific surface, high adsorption capacity, good selectivity, and well durability.…”

Polydopamine‐coated cotton fibers as the adsorbent for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction

“…In order to solve the fragile defect of silica fiber, metal wires were introduced to develop the metal‐supported SPME fiber. Stainless steel , titanium , nickel , copper , and silver wires were used as the support for SPME. Different fibers were also placed into the tube for in‐tube SPME, such as carbon fiber , copper fiber , poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber and Kevlar fiber .…”