In Situ Imaging and Anti-inflammation of 3D Printed Scaffolds enabled by AIEgen

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printed bioactive scaffolds have been widely used in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, its visualization in vivo and bacterial inflammation are intractable issues during the surgery and treatment. Herein, we firstly synthesized an aggregation-induced emission-active luminogen (AIEgen), named as 4BC, with efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Then, a series of 3D bioactive scaffolds loading 4BC were fabricated by precipitation adsorption method, namely 4BC@scaffolds, which showed good in situ imaging performance for the implanted scaffolds by using simple UV light irradiation. Among them, 4BC@TMP scaffold composed of trimagnesium phosphate (TMP) had an excellent bactericidal ability for E. coli and S. aureus in vitro and resisted bacterial inflammation in vivo through photodynamic action. H&E and immunofluorescence staining were performed to further evaluate the inhibitory effect of bacterial inflammation in vivo. This work verified that AIEgen-based 3D scaffolds are promising bioactive frameworks for bioimaging and antibacterial application.

Emerging advances in fluorescence imaging and phototherapy of arthritis

“…In addition, the high brightness and signal-to-noise ratio of two-photon microscopy make it suitable for prolonged observation of living cells and tissues, as well as for in-depth study of thick biological samples. [73][74][75] In addition to the enhancement of FL technology, the development of fluorescent dyes has contributed significantly to the development of FL imaging, including molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) [76,77] and the synthesis of novel near-infrared (NIR) molecules. [78] The traditional FL imaging modality of the NIR first window (NIR-I, 400-900 nm) is more damaging to tissues due to the shorter wavelength and higher FL energy, and the limited penetration depth of short-wavelength FL, high injection dose, and in vivo tissue autofluorescence mostly in the first NIR window, which also makes the resolution of FL imaging limited and less suitable for bioimaging.…”

Self-Reporting Hypoxia-Responsive Supramolecular Phototheranostic Nanomaterials Based on AIEgen and Azocalixarene

“…The emerging aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with high QY, good photostability and efficient ROS generation in the aggregated state are ideal candidates to construct chemo/bioprobes. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] While, AIEgens emitting bright fluorescence upon aggregation can cause large background noise during bio-imaging. To fulfill the whole potential of AIE photosensitizers and smartly tune their photophysical properties, a noncovalent strategy based on the host-guest interaction is proposed.…”