In situ investigation by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on Pian di Civita Etruscan lituus from the “monumental complex” of Tarquinia, Italy

Pelosi, Claudia; Agresti, Giorgia; Gianni, Giovanna Bagnasco; Angeli, Stefano; Holmes, Peter J.; Santamaria, Ulderico

doi:10.1140/epjp/i2018-12225-5

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, in this case, a probable brass master alloy was also used, combined with scrap bronze, without the addition of lead, to produce the piece. Clearly, due to the presence of a thin surface patina, a quantitative analysis is not possible, but a comparison between the different examined objects and the hypothesis on the original alloys used for the production of the pieces is allowed only in qualitative terms [ 11 , 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…µXRF is certainly a valuable technique for the characterization of metal alloys, and remains in archaeological contests mainly because it is a non-invasive and non-destructive technique [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In fact, it provides useful information about alloy composition without the necessity of sampling, a step that is often not allowed for metal objects on display in museums [10][11][12][13]. Moreover, the mapping modality can provide knowledge of the whole composition of the surface layer, and can also afford information on the traces of possible surface decorations, even if corrosion patterns must be taken into account [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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μXRF Mapping as a Powerful Technique for Investigating Metal Objects from the Archaeological Site of Ferento (Central Italy)

et al. 2020

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This research concerns the application of micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) mapping to the investigation of a group of selected metal objects from the archaeological site of Ferento, a Roman and then medieval town in Central Italy. Specifically, attention was focused on two test pits, named IV and V, in which metal objects were found, mainly pertaining to the medieval period and never investigated before the present work from a compositional point of view. The potentiality of µXRF mapping was tested through a Bruker Tornado M4 equipped with an Rh tube, operating at 50 kV, 500 μA, and spot 25 μm obtained with polycapillary optics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) were used for processing the X-ray fluorescence spectra. The results showed that the investigated items are characterized by different compositions in terms of chemical elements. Three little wheels are made of lead, while the fibulae are made of copper-based alloys with varying amounts of tin, zinc, and lead. Only one ring is iron-based, and the other objects, namely a spatula and an applique, are also made of copper-based alloys, but with different relative amounts of the main elements. In two objects, traces of gold were found, suggesting the precious character of these pieces. MCR analysis was demonstrated to be particularly useful to confirm the presence of trace elements, such as gold, as it could differentiate the signals related to minor elements from those due to major chemical elements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

μXRF Mapping as a Powerful Technique for Investigating Metal Objects from the Archaeological Site of Ferento (Central Italy)

et al. 2020

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“…In conservation science and art restoration, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have become widely applied due to the necessity of investigating cultural heritage objects, which are fragile, irreplaceable and sometimes impossible to analyze with invasive or destructive methods [1][2]. A valid inspection approach for painting analysis relies on the integration of data collected from different imaging techniques, combining relative outputs through specific digital imaging processing tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%