In-Situ Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Kinetics in an Austenitic Stainless Steel by Inductive Measurements

Celada-Casero, Carola; Kooiker, H.; Groen, Manso; Post, Jan Andries; San-Martín, David

doi:10.3390/met7070271

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The formation of martensite can be detected and evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) [53,[78][79][80][81], neuron diffraction [82,83], electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) [18,[84][85][86][87], magnetic methods including the eddy current method [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95], metallography [78,89,96], and other techniques [96][97][98][99][100]. Some of these methods are briefly discussed in the following.…”

Section: Measuring Martensite Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

Sohrabi

Naghizadeh

Mirzadeh

2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

181

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Recent progress in the understanding of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and the reversion annealing in the metastable austenitic stainless steels are reviewed in the present work. For this purpose, the introduced methods for the measurement of martensite content are summarized. Moreover, the austenite stability as the key factor for controlling the austenite to martensite transformation is critically discussed. This is realized by analyzing the effects of chemical composition, initial grain size, applied strain, deformation temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode (stress state). For instance, the effect of initial grain size is found to be complicated, especially in the ultrafine grained (UFG) regime. Furthermore, it seems that there is a critical grain size for changing the trend of α′-martensite formation. Decreasing the deformation temperature motivates the formation of α′-martensite, but there is a critical temperature for achieving the maximum tensile ductility. Afterwards, the modeling techniques for the transformation kinetics and the contribution of deformation-induced martensitic transformation to the strengthening of material and also strength-ductility trade-off are critically surveyed. The processing of UFG microstructure during reversion annealing, the effects of the recrystallization of the retained austenite, the martensitic shear and diffusional reversion mechanisms, and the annealing-induced martensitic transformation are also summarized. Accordingly, this overview presents the opportunities that the strain-induced martensitic transformation can offer for controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels.

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Section: Measuring Martensite Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

Sohrabi

Naghizadeh

Mirzadeh

2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

181

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“…However, beyond the depth of approximately 225 lm, almost no deformation-induced a 0 -martensite was detected in the optical microsections. a 0 -martensite content determined by image processing on the optical microsection shows only an approximation because the preparation process may also contrast slip and shear bands as well as emartensite, which may have caused an overestimation [64]. While it was difficult to determine the exact phase fractions, nevertheless, this method allowed estimations to be made about a 0 -martensite distribution in the workpiece surface layer.…”

Section: Metallurgical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

Hotz

Kirsch

Becker

et al. 2019

J. Iron Steel Res. Int.

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The application of components often depends to a large extent on the properties of the surface layer. A novel process chain for the production of components with a hardened surface layer from metastable austenitic steel was presented. The investigated metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel was cold-drawn in solution annealed condition at cryogenic temperatures for pre-hardening, followed by post-hardening via cryogenic turning. The increase in hardness in both processes was due to strain hardening and deformation-induced phase transformation from c-austenite to a 0-martensite. Cryogenic turning experiments were carried out with solution annealed AISI 347 steel as well as with solution annealed and subsequently cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The thermomechanical load of the workpiece surface layer during the turning process as well as the resulting surface morphology was characterized. The forces and temperatures were higher in turning the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel than turning the solution annealed AISI 347 steel. After cryogenic turning of the solution annealed material, deformation-induced phase transformation and a significant increase in hardness were detected in the near-surface layer. In contrast, no additional phase transformation was observed after cryogenic turning of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel. The maximum hardness in the surface layer was similar, whereas the hardness in the core of the cold-drawn AISI 347 steel was higher compared to that in the solution annealed AISI 347 steel.

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“…The The martensite phase is revealed in dark colors and the austenite is unetched. Parallel slip bands appeared in those grains that are favorably oriented with respect to the applied stress direction, where slip bands are localized crystallographic slip and, thus, cannot cross existing interfaces into other orientations [23]. It was indicated that the pointing process of the RSPM causes the strain-hardening, and the austenitic microstructure transforms to strain-induced α'-martensite phases during plastic deformation.…”

Section: Feasible Pointing Size For a Bar Pointing Turning Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process

Kim

2018

Metals

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Abstract:A pointing process is a pre-work operation to facilitate the feeding of a rod to pass through a drawing die. After performing the pointing process, the drawing material is inserted into the drawing die and the jaw pulls the end of the material. A bar pointing turning machine, which is universally used for the pointing process, causes a breaking of drawing material easily in the shape-drawing process. Because a shape-drawing process requires a higher drawing load and a smaller cross-sectional area of the pointed zone of drawing material, a pointing process which is to prevent the breaking of the drawing material through a work-hardening effect at an early stage of the drawing process is necessary. In this study, a four-roll squeeze pointing machine (RSPM) as a new automatic pointing machine is introduced. RSPM has been developed to improve the productivity of the pointing process as well as the shape-drawing process by preventing the breaking of the drawing material. The ductile fracture criterion based on Cockcroft-Latham's theory was used to predict the breaking of drawing material and any defects during the pointing process. A tool design method for the RSPM and a feasible pointing size for the conventional pointing machine are proposed. In addition, the drawing materials manufactured using a conventional pointing machine and the RSPM are compared through finite element (FE) simulations and experiments.

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In-Situ Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Kinetics in an Austenitic Stainless Steel by Inductive Measurements

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review

Combination of cold drawing and cryogenic turning for modifying surface morphology of metastable austenitic AISI 347 steel

A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process

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