In situ investigation of the selenization kinetics of Cu–Ga precursors using time-resolved high-temperature X-ray diffraction

Reaction kinetics of CuGaSe2 formation from a GaSe/CuSe bilayer precursor film

“…These activation energies for CGS formation are larger than the value of 65-66 kJ/mol [8] obtained by parabolic and Avrami model analyses for a-CIS formation from glass/ InSe/CuSe stacked bilayer precursor having a structure analogous to the glass/GaSe/CuSe used in this study. It is noticeable that a similar activation energy of 109 (77) kJ/ mol was obtained using a modified Avrami model for CGS formation from selenization of glass/Mo/Cu-Ga precursor in our previous report [12]. The reaction paths and activation energies of CIS and CGS formation from different precursor structures are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…The reaction kinetics of CGS formation have been reported by Purwins et al [11] for the reaction Cu 2 Se+ Ga 2 Se 3 -CuGaSe 2 using thermal analysis of Ga 2 Se 3 /Cu 2 Se bilayer, and by our group for selenization of an alloy of Cu-Ga metal precursor [12]. The in situ investigation of CGS formation by selenization of the Cu-Ga metal precursor clearly showed formation of the intermediatephase CuSe followed by transformation to CGS.…”

“…6 and 7. More complete descriptions of the modified Avrami model is presented elsewhere [12]. The kinetic analyses using both reaction models suggest that the formation of CuGaSe 2 in glass/GaSe/CuSe bilayer precursor films is consistent with a reaction that is limited by a one-dimensional diffusion of a reactant.…”

A study of CuGaSe2 thin film growth from multilayered precursors

“…Also, the CGS formation by a selenization of an alloy of CueGa metal precursor has been studied by Anderson group [9]. The in situ investigation of CGS formation by selenization of the CueGa metal precursor clearly showed formation of the intermediate phase CuSe followed by transformation to CGS.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of CIS Thin Film Using Chloride Solution

“…Due to the evaporation of Se source in used In-Selenization process revealed in in-situ XRD analysis. The mechanism of crystal growth can be seen in several papers [10], [11]. Also can be seen the decomposition of the precursor from 100 ℃ from 200 ℃ at 100 ℃, CuCl 2 peak cannot be seen.…”