In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrites in ~ 3.7 Ga sedimentary protoliths from the Isua supracrustal belt, southern West Greenland

Yoshiya, Kazumi; Sawaki, Yusuke; Hirata, Takafumi; Maruyama, Shigenori; Komiya, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.02.022

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Dissolved sulfate is far more mobile than solid sulfur in the open ocean. There is indirect evidence for sulfate in *3.7 sediments at Isua, Greenland; both deep-water banded iron formation and metamorphosed shale contain pyrite FeS 2 (e.g., Yoshiya et al, 2015). This mineral forms when microbes react organic matter on the seafloor with dissolved sulfate.…”

Section: Geological and Geochemical Constraints On Life 1207mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life

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Astrobiology

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The traditional tree of life from molecular biology with last universal common ancestor (LUCA) branching into bacteria and archaea (though fuzzy) is likely formally valid enough to be a basis for discussion of geological processes on the early Earth. Biologists infer likely properties of nodal organisms within the tree and, hence, the environment they inhabited. Geologists both vet tenuous trees and putative origin of life scenarios for geological and ecological reasonability and conversely infer geological information from trees. The latter approach is valuable as geologists have only weakly constrained the time when the Earth became habitable and the later time when life actually existed to the long interval between ∼4.5 and ∼3.85 Ga where no intact surface rocks are known. With regard to vetting, origin and early evolution hypotheses from molecular biology have recently centered on serpentinite settings in marine and alternatively land settings that are exposed to ultraviolet sunlight. The existence of these niches on the Hadean Earth is virtually certain. With regard to inferring geological environment from genomics, nodes on the tree of life can arise from true bottlenecks implied by the marine serpentinite origin scenario and by asteroid impact. Innovation of a very useful trait through a threshold allows the successful organism to quickly become very abundant and later root a large clade. The origin of life itself, that is, the initial Darwinian ancestor, the bacterial and archaeal roots as free-living cellular organisms that independently escaped hydrothermal chimneys above marine serpentinite or alternatively from shallow pore-water environments on land, the Selabacteria root with anoxygenic photosynthesis, and the Terrabacteria root colonizing land are attractive examples that predate the geological record. Conversely, geological reasoning presents likely events for appraisal by biologists. Asteroid impacts may have produced bottlenecks by decimating life. Thermophile roots of bacteria and archaea as well as a thermophile LUCA are attractive.

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Section: Geological and Geochemical Constraints On Life 1207mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life

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Astrobiology

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“…The supracrustal rocks with the Eoarchean ages also provide key witnesses of the early evolution such as tectonic setting (Furnes et al, 2014;Polat et al, 2002), plate tectonics (Friend et al, 1988;Komiya et al, 1999;McGregor et al, 1991;, early differentiation (Boyet et al, 2003;Caro, 2011;Caro et al, 2003Caro et al, , 2006Iizuka et al, 2010;Moynier et al, 2010;O'Neil et al, 2008O'Neil et al, , 2009O'Neil et al, , 2012Rizo et al, 2011Rizo et al, , 2012Rizo et al, , 2013Roth et al, 2013;Sharma et al, 1996), mantle evolution (Bennett et al, 1993;Collerson et al, 1991;Komiya et al, 2004;Vervoort et al, 1996), early life (Craddock and Dauphas, 2011;Czaja et al, 2013;Mojzsis et al, 1996;Ohtomo et al, 2014;Rosing, 1999;Yoshiya et al, 2015), composition of seawater (Bolhar et al, 2004;Nutman et al, 2010) and the Late Heavy Bombardment Event (Schoenberg et al, 2002). But, few Early Archean supracrustal rocks are preserved only in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex, the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt and the Saglek Block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Geology of the Eoarchean, > 3.95 Ga, Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block, northern Labrador, Canada: The oldest geological evidence for plate tectonics

et al. 2015

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The Earth is a unique planet, which has been highly evolved, diversified and complicated through geologic time, and underwent many key events, including giant impact, magma ocean, core formation, large-scale mantle differentiation and late heavy bombardment, especially in its dawn. But, our knowledge of early Earth is limited due to the lack of the Hadean supracrustal rocks. The supracrustal rocks with the Eoarchean ages provide key evidence for the Earth's early evolution, but few supracrustal rocks have been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we mapped in seven areas of the Saglek Block, northern Labrador, where ancient supracrustal sequences are interleaved with a diverse assemblage of orthogneisses. Early studies suggested that some of them have the Mesoarchean ages because of the lack of the Mesoarchean Saglek dyke, but we found the Saglek dykes in the areas to recognize the Eoarchean Nulliak supracrustal rocks and Uivak Gneiss in all the areas. Recent reassessment of U-Pb dating and cathodoluminescence observation of zircons from the oldest suites of the Uivak Gneiss showed that the Uivak Gneiss has the Eoarchean age, N 3.95 Ga, and forms the Iqaluk-Uivak Gneiss series. Because our geological survey clearly showed that the Iqaluk-Uivak Gneisses were intruded into the Nulliak supracrustal belts, the Nulliak supracrustal rocks are the oldest supracrustal rock in the world. The supracrustal belts consist of piles of fault-bounded blocks, which are composed of the ultramafic rocks, mafic rocks and sedimentary rocks in ascending order, similar to modern ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS). In addition, small-scale duplex structures are found over the areas. The presence of duplex structure and OPS indicates that the N 3.95 Ga Nulliak supracrustal belts originate from an accretionary complex. The presence of the accretionary complex, ophiolite and granitic continental crust provides the oldest evidence for the plate tectonics on the early Earth.

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“…Rare earth element (REE), including lanthanides and Y patterns, and iron isotopes of carbonate rocks and BIF are often used to investigate the origins of the carbonate rock and BIF (Bau & Dulski, 1999;Bolhar, Kamber, Moorbath, Fedo, & Whitehouse, 2004;Bolhar & Van Kranendonk, 2007;Dauphas et al, 2004;Friend et al, 2008;Nutman et al, 2010;Yoshiya, Sawaki, Hirata, Maruyama, & Komiya, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and chemical composition of the Eoarchean carbonate rocks of the Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada

et al. 2020

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The Eoarchean Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada, contain some of the world's oldest carbonate rocks. This work attempted to reveal the origin of the carbonate rocks and estimate the surface environmental conditions of the early Earth based on their occurrence and geochemistry.They occur together with mafic and ultramafic rocks in Pangertok Inlet and St. John's Harbour South, whereas they are interlayered with pelitic rock layers with quartzofeldspathic mineral assemblages in St. John's Harbour East and Big Island. The geological occurrence suggests that the formers were formed around hydrothermal fields, whereas the latters were deposited near a continental margin. Some carbonate rocks have high SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Zr contents, indicating that the silicification and involvement of detrital materials influenced their composition; thus, pure carbonate rocks were selected using a combined filter of the SiO 2 , TiO 2, Al 2 O 3 , Zr, and Ba contents. The selected carbonate rocks have positive La, Eu, Gd, Y, U, Pb, and Sr anomalies, negative Nb, Zr, and Hf anomalies, and relatively small enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The La and Y anomalies suggest that they originated from chemical sediments precipitated from seawater. On the other hand, the small HREEenrichment suggests that REEs were mainly dissolved as REE-carbonate complexes in seawater or that the riverine influxes were dominated by the detritus of Eoarchean continental crusts, presumably composed of HREE-depleted TTG. The U anomaly suggests that uranium was more dissolved than Th as U-bearing carbonate complexes in seawater. The Nulliak carbonate rocks also show a positive correlation between Y and Eu anomaly values, suggesting that the precipitation of ironoxyhydroxide causing the Y anomaly was more significant near the hydrothermal fields than the continental margin, consistent with an alkaline hydrothermal model.

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In-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrites in ~ 3.7 Ga sedimentary protoliths from the Isua supracrustal belt, southern West Greenland

Cited by 32 publications

References 87 publications

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life

Geology of the Eoarchean, > 3.95 Ga, Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block, northern Labrador, Canada: The oldest geological evidence for plate tectonics

Occurrence and chemical composition of the Eoarchean carbonate rocks of the Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada

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