In situ measurement of the biogeochemical properties of Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies in the Southwest Indian Ocean, April 2014

Villiers, Stephanie de; Siswana, K.; Vena, K.

doi:10.5194/essd-7-415-2015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to SCMs in the vicinity of the Polar front (Kopczynska et al, 2001;Parslow et al, 2001;Armand et al, 2008a;Westwood et al, 2011;Tripathy et al, 2015;Rembauville et al, 2016a), ex situ measurements have found summer SCMs around the continental slopes of Antarctica and Southern Ocean islands (Garibotti et al, 2003;Holm-Hansen and Hewes, 2004;Demidov et al, 2007;Armand et al, 2008a;Whitehouse et al, 2008;Erickson et al, 2016), around eddies (Clementson et al, 1998;Daly et al, 2001) and in the Seasonal Ice Zone (Mikaelyan and Belyaeva, 1995;Bathmann et al, 1997;Cailliau et al, 1997;Wright and van den Enden, 2000;Gomi et al, 2007;de Villiers et al, 2015). During summer, a recurrent and notable absence of SCMs has only been reported in the permanently open ocean zone of Antarctic waters (Cailliau et al, 1997;Gomi et al, 2007;Rigual-Hernández et al, 2015a,b) and the Sub-Antarctic zone south of Australia (Figure 4; Clementson et al, 1998;Parslow et al, 2001;Westwood et al, 2011).…”

Section: Reported Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly intense eddy activity occurs where fronts interact with shallow bathymetry (Bryden and Heath, 1985). A small number of SCMs have been attributed to eddies spinning off the Subtropical front, the Sub-Antarctic front and the Antarctic Divergence (Clementson et al, 1998;Wright and van den Enden, 2000;Daly et al, 2001;Westwood et al, 2011;de Villiers et al, 2015). To date, eddies are speculated to facilitate Southern Ocean SCMs by two mechanisms; (1) nutrient-light co-limitation within warm-core eddies from the Subtropical front and (2) increased growth at the pycnocline cold-core eddies from the Sub-Antarctic Front, likely due to the injection of nutrients (Figures 5D,E).…”

Section: Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsurface Chlorophyll-a Maxima in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2020

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Our review of the literature has revealed Southern Ocean subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima (SCMs) to be an annually recurrent feature throughout the basin. Most of these SCMs are different to the "typical" SCMs observed in the tropics, which are maintained by the nutrient-light co-limitation of phytoplankton growth. Rather, we have found that SCMs are formed by other processes including diatom aggregation, sea-ice retreat, eddies, subduction events and photo-acclimation. At a local scale, these SCMs can facilitate increased downward carbon export, primary production and food availability for higher trophic levels. A large proportion of Southern Ocean SCMs appear to be sustained by aggregates of large diatoms that form under severe iron limitation in the seasonal mixed layer. The ability of large diatoms to regulate their buoyancy must play a role in the development of these SCMs as they appear to increase buoyancy at the SCM and thus avoid further sinking with the decline of the spring bloom or naturally iron fertilized blooms. These SCMs remain largely unobserved by satellites and it seems that ship-based sampling may not be able to fully capture their biomass. In the context of the Marine Ecosystem Assessment of the Southern Ocean it is important to consider that this phenomenon is missing in our current understanding of Southern Ocean ecology and future climate scenarios. The broader implications of SCMs for Southern Ocean ecology will only be revealed through basin-wide observations. This can only be achieved through an integrated observation system that is able to harness the detailed information encapsulated in ship-based sampling, with the increased observational capacity of fluorometers on autonomous platforms such as those in the biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Ocean Pole to pole (MEOP) programs. The main challenge toward achieving this is the uncertainties associated with translating fluorescence to chlorophyll-a concentrations. Until this translation is resolved, the reporting of subsurface fluorescence maxima (SFMs) in place of SCMs could still yield valuable insights with careful interpretation.

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Section: Reported Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Chlorophyll-a Maxima in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2020

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“…flow in a growing eddy is contrary to that of a decaying eddy (de Villiers et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2019).…”

Section: Simulation Of the Dynamic Structure Of The Cf Dipolementioning

confidence: 90%

The influence of cold filaments on the evolution of dipole structures

et al. 2023

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Mesoscale eddy dipoles are oceanographic structures that can transport ocean water parcels horizontally and vertically in ways that differ from individual mesoscale eddies. The most conspicuous additional feature that presents in dipoles is the cold filament (CF) that can be spontaneously generated between a dipole’s anticyclonic eddy (AE) and cyclonic eddy (CE). A case study in this paper shows that the interaction between the CF and the CE component of the dipole is associated with the structural evolution of the dipole. This interaction is verified in synthesis and normalization studies of the CF dipoles. The CF-dipole interaction entrains CF water into the center of the dipole’ CE and leads to a cold and high chlorophyll center in the upper layer of the CE. The formation of this cold center changes the dipole’s structure by eliminating the phase difference between the thermal and dynamic centers of the dipole. The entrainment also provides a new mechanism for the development of high chlorophyll levels in the CE. In the analysis of the HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) simulation of a synthetic CF dipole, the AE has a three-zone structure while the CE only has two. The convergence of the CE’s outermost zone results in a biased interaction.

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A biological ocean data reformatting effort

Baldry,

Johnson,

Strutton

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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Biological ocean data collected from ships find reuse in aggregations of historical data. These data are heavily relied upon to document long term change, validate satellite algorithms for ocean biology and are useful in assessing the performance of autonomous platforms and biogeochemical models. Existing aggregate products have largely been restricted to the surface ocean, omit physical data or have limited biological data. We present the first version of a BIOlogical ocean data reforMATting Effort (BIO-MATE) to begin to fill a gap in subsurface bio-physical data aggregates in a reproducible way. BIO-MATE uses open-source R software that reformats openly sourced published datasets from oceanographic voyages. These reformatted biological and physical data from underway sensors, profiling sensors, pigments analysis and particulate organic carbon analysis are stored in an interoperable BIO-MATE data product for easy access and use. Specific QA/QC protocols can now be easily applied to the BIO-MATE data product to support a variety of surface and subsurface applications.

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In situ measurement of the biogeochemical properties of Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies in the Southwest Indian Ocean, April 2014

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Subsurface Chlorophyll-a Maxima in the Southern Ocean

Subsurface Chlorophyll-a Maxima in the Southern Ocean

The influence of cold filaments on the evolution of dipole structures

A biological ocean data reformatting effort

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