In situ measurements of flow effects on primary production and dark respiration in reef corals

Patterson, Mark; Sebens, Kenneth P.; Olson, Richard R.

doi:10.4319/lo.1991.36.5.0936

Cited by 204 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Numerous variables influence mollusk respiration rates and, in natural conditions, these factors act in synergy. On one hand, temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration, water flow, and trophic relations have been suggested to affect respiration (Jorgensen et al 1986;Patterson et al 1991;Riisgard and Larsen 2001). Most of these factors varied during our experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Respiration, calcification, and excretion of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata L.: Implications for carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen fluxes in affected areas

et al. 2006

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We measured in situ respiration, calcification, and excretion of the slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata L., and considered both seasonal variations and individual size, to estimate the effects of this exotic species on annual budgets of carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen in the Bay of Brest (France). Respiration, calcification, and excretion rates changed significantly with size and season. Oxygen consumption varied from 6 to 63 mmol O 2 g 21 ash-free dry weight (AF dry wt) h 21 , which corresponded to a carbon dioxide release that ranged from 2 to 44 mmol CO 2 g 21 AF dry wt h 21 . Maximum respiration rates were observed in summer, and minimum rates were observed in winter. CaCO 3 production ranged from 24 to 44 mmol CaCO 3 g 21 AF dry wt h 21 from winter to summer, respectively. Ammonium release varied from 0.7 to 3.1 mmol NH þ 4 g 21 AF dry wt h 21 , with the highest excretion rate in spring. Total carbon release by C. fornicata in highly colonized zones in the Bay of Brest averaged 290 g C m 22 yr 21 , carbonate production was ,515 g CaCO 3 m 22 yr 21 , and nitrogen production by ammonium excretion was ,25 g N m 22 yr 21 . C. fornicata respiration and excretion account for 55% and 85% of the benthic community respiration and excretion, respectively. These results illustrate the importance of this invasive species to carbon and nitrogen cycles, including biogenic carbonate production, in coastal ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Respiration, calcification, and excretion of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata L.: Implications for carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen fluxes in affected areas

et al. 2006

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“…In this study the current measurements clearly show that water flow across the reef flat was much faster nearer to Bird Island (SIRM02 and SIRM03) than near South Island (SIRM01, Dennison and Barnes, 1988;Patterson et al, 1991;Mass et al, 2010) with exception of Atkinson et al (1994) Sebens et al (2003 who showed that there was no correlation between current flow and respiration or photosynthesis, respectively. In their study on the effect of flow rate on the metabolism of Acropora formosa dana colonies from the GBR Dennison and Barnes (1988) showed that calcification decreased by 25% under no flow conditions (0 cm/sec) relative to flow condition (0-20 cm/sec).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Community calcification in Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef: A 33 year perspective

Silverman

Schneider

Kline

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Measurements of community calcification (G net)However, it should be noted that the uncertainty in the live coral coverage estimates in this study and in 1978 were fairly large and inherent to this methodology. Using the reef calcification rate equation while assuming that seawater above the reef was at equilibrium with atmospheric PCO 2 and given that live coral cover had not changed G net should have declined by 30±8% since the LIMER study as indeed observed. We note, however, that the error in estimated G net decrease relative to the 1970's could be much larger due to the uncertainties in the coral coverage measurements. Nonetheless, The similarity between the predicted and the measured decrease in G net suggests that ocean acidification may be the primary cause for the lower CaCO 3 precipitation rate on the Lizard Island reef flat.

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“…However, the new coral biomineralisation model provides a parsimonious explanation in terms of enhanced O 2 delivery (diffusion) at exposed (high-energy) sites, leading to less severe dark O 2 -limitation (= reduced skeletal extension). It is well established that aerobic respiration in adult corals is flow-dependent in the dark (Patterson et al, 1991), supportive of the suggestion that symbiotic corals becomes less O 2 -limited as flow rates increase; thereby placing a lower requirement on the process of anaerobic fermentation. Interestingly, smaller corals (and recruits) that have higher mass transfer (diffusion) rates than larger corals (Nakamura and van Woesik, 2001) are not significantly O 2 -limited at low (< 27 • C) SST, but become O 2 -limited at higher (> 29 • C) SST due to heavier (Q 10 ) oxygen demands, with the result that respiration only becomes flow dependent at high SST (Edmunds, 2005).…”

Section: Model Implication #3: the Phenotypic Response Of Corals To Wmentioning

confidence: 81%

A new conceptual model of coral biomineralisation: hypoxia as the physiological driver of skeletal extension

Wooldridge

2013

Biogeosciences

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That corals skeletons are built of aragonite crystals with taxonomy-linked ultrastructure has been well understood since the 19th century. Yet, the way by which corals control this crystallization process remains an unsolved question. Here, I outline a new conceptual model of coral biomineralisation that endeavours to relate known skeletal features with homeostatic functions beyond traditional growth (structural) determinants. In particular, I propose that the dominant physiological driver of skeletal extension is night-time hypoxia, which is exacerbated by the respiratory oxygen demands of the coral's algal symbionts (= zooxanthellae). The model thus provides a new narrative to explain the high growth rate of symbiotic corals, by equating skeletal deposition with the "work-rate" of the coral host needed to maintain a stable and beneficial symbiosis. In this way, coral skeletons are interpreted as a continuous (long-run) recording unit of the stability and functioning of the coral–algae endosymbiosis. After providing supportive evidence for the model across multiple scales of observation, I use coral core data from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) to highlight the disturbed nature of the symbiosis in recent decades, but suggest that its onset is consistent with a trajectory that has been followed since at least the start of the 1900s. In concluding, I outline how the proposed capacity of cnidarians (which includes modern reef corals) to overcome the metabolic limitation of hypoxia via skeletogenesis also provides a new hypothesis to explain the sudden appearance in the fossil record of calcified skeletons at the Precambrian–Cambrian transition – and the ensuing rapid appearance of most major animal phyla

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In situ measurements of flow effects on primary production and dark respiration in reef corals

Cited by 204 publications

References 17 publications

Respiration, calcification, and excretion of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata L.: Implications for carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen fluxes in affected areas

Respiration, calcification, and excretion of the invasive slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata L.: Implications for carbon, carbonate, and nitrogen fluxes in affected areas

Community calcification in Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef: A 33 year perspective

A new conceptual model of coral biomineralisation: hypoxia as the physiological driver of skeletal extension

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