In situ measurements of heating parameters in the auroral ionosphere

Thiele, B.A.; Boström, R.; Dumbs, A.; Grossmann, K. U.; Krankowsky, D.; Lämmerzahl, P.; Marklund, Göran; Neske, E.; Schmidtke, G.; Wilhelm, K.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(81)90089-1

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In comparison with previous observations in diffuse aurora by Thiele et al (1981) (based on in-situ rocket observation), conductivity values during the DELTA are relatively large, especially during the ascending phase. Kirkwood et al (1988) deduced the conductivity in diffuse aurora in the growth phase, expansion phase, discrete arc and westward traveling surge which were based on EISCAT observations.…”

Section: Atmospheric Conductivitysupporting

confidence: 48%

Electron density measurement under the influence of auroral precipitation and electron beam injection during the DELTA campaign

Wakabayashi

Ono

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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The direct observation of electron number density was successfully carried out using an impedance probe onboard the S310-35 sounding rocket during the DELTA (Dynamics and Energetics of the Lower Thermosphere in Aurora) campaign, which provided the altitude profile along the rocket trajectory in a diffuse aurora. The plasma density profile showed clear density enhancements due to the auroral precipitation as well as artificial ionizations induced by the electron beam injection. The enhanced ionization due to the electron beam experiment was too high to be determined by means of the detection of the UHR (Upper Hybrid Resonance) frequencies. To overcome this difficulty, SHR (Sheath Resonance) frequency and sheath capacitance values were used to deduce the plasma density in the artificially ionized region. Based on the SHR analysis method, we were able to determine the maximum density to be 2 · 10 6 cm −3 at the altitude of 98.9 km; this measurement was ascribed to the artificial ionization by the 1-keV electron beam in comparison with the results of particle detector instrument on-board the S310-35. The data analysis of the sheath capacitance was able to distinguish the natural ionization region from the artificial one. The impedance probe measurement was able to evaluate the ionospheric conductivities which have important properties for evaluating the Joule heating process in the thermosphere. Both Pedersen and Hall conductivities showed distinctive enhancement around an altitude of 128 km which were due to the auroral particle precipitation.

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Section: Atmospheric Conductivitysupporting

confidence: 48%

Electron density measurement under the influence of auroral precipitation and electron beam injection during the DELTA campaign

Wakabayashi

Ono

2006

Earth Planet Sp

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“…Of special interest, in the latter campaign different conditions in the electron energy distribution occurred. During the rocket missions a pulsating aurora, a stable arc aurora with characteristic electron energies of 1 to 3 keV and once again a diffuse aurora with electron energies of 200 to 300 eV were exciting the auroral emissions and their spectral distribution corresponding to the incoming electron fluxes (Schmidtke et al 42 ; Theile et al 43 ; Tobiska et al 44 ).…”

Section: Recent Measurements Of the Spectral Solar Irradiance (Ssi) Imentioning

confidence: 98%

History of extreme ultraviolet solar measurements in XX–XXI centuries: from balloons to the International Space Station as instrumental platforms

Schmidtke

2015

J. Opt. Technol.

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The Sun was one of the central points for observations as long as human cultures are known. After researchers observed the extension of the solar rainbow spectrum towards shorter wavelengths with increasing altitude they started measurements of the solar ultraviolet spectrum from balloons in 1934. The acquisition of spectra in the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral regions was beginning after 1946 using photographic recordings aboard rockets. However, it took six more years to achieve good spectral resolution below about 220 nm because servomechanisms had to be developed to fairly accurately point the spectrographs to the Sun during the rocket flight. Another big step forward was achieved by the application of photoelectric recording technology and by using satellites as a platform to observe qualitatively the strong variability of the solar ultraviolet irradiance on short-, medium-and long-term scales. Until the end of the past century these measurements have been strongly impeded by the inherent degradation of the EUV instruments with time. Since there is progress solving this serious problem, measurements with sufficient radiometric accuracy allow composing the data available to the first set of ultraviolet data covering a period of eleven years. Based on the sophisticated instrumentation verified in space, future EUV measurements of the solar spectral irradiance on the International Space Station are promising accuracy levels of about 5%. Added by low-cost equipment on-line measurements will allow providing data needed in ionospheric modeling for correcting propagation delays of navigation signals from space to Earth. Adding ultraviolet airglow and auroral emission measurements the impact of space weather on the ionosphere can be studied and also be used deriving more detailed correction procedures for the evaluation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals.

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“…Theoretical and computational studies [ Siskind et al , 1989a, 1989b; Codrescu et al , 1995, and references therein] have provided a solid foundation, but many details still need to be included. Rocket experiments [e.g., Evans et al , 1977; Theile et al , 1981] and incoherent scatter radar measurements [e.g., Thayer , 1998] have also helped to determine Joule heating rates during specific times and in specific locations. However, both of these methods are of limited temporal and spatial coverage.…”

Section: Observations and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of thermospheric high‐latitude nitric oxide observations from SNOE and global auroral X‐ray bremsstrahlung observations from PIXIE

et al. 2003

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[1] Three years (March 1998 through March 2001) of nitric oxide (NO) observations in the Northern Hemispheric thermosphere (90-170 km) as made by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) spacecraft are compared in a broad statistical analysis with the dailyaveraged northern auroral bremsstrahlung x-ray observations, which are taken to be a good proxy for the population of precipitating energetic electrons. The latter are made by the Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (PIXIE) on board the NASA GGS Polar spacecraft. A modest correlation between these two data sets is found, indicating that about 20-40% of the variation in the number density of thermospheric nitric oxide at high latitudes is caused by variations in the precipitation of energetic particles from the magnetosphere into the auroral regions of the ionosphere. Time delays between the two data sets are examined in this study, as well as the altitude profile of the nitric oxide observations. Differences in the response and recovery times in the two data sets are also carefully considered along with hemispheric asymmetries as a function of season, leading to stronger correlations which are then discussed in terms of the properties of the data sets used.

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In situ measurements of heating parameters in the auroral ionosphere

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Electron density measurement under the influence of auroral precipitation and electron beam injection during the DELTA campaign

Electron density measurement under the influence of auroral precipitation and electron beam injection during the DELTA campaign

History of extreme ultraviolet solar measurements in XX–XXI centuries: from balloons to the International Space Station as instrumental platforms

Comparisons of thermospheric high‐latitude nitric oxide observations from SNOE and global auroral X‐ray bremsstrahlung observations from PIXIE

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