In Situ Measurements of Potential, Current and Charging Current across an EDL Capacitance Anode for an Aqueous Sodium Hybrid Battery

Hess, Katherine C.; Whitacre, Jay; Litster, Shawn

doi:10.1149/2.028208jes

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The same group utilized the electrode scaffold to measure the electrode potential through the negative electrode of an electrochemical double layer capacitance for an aqueous sodium hybrid battery during charge and discharge. 26 By measuring the electrode potential distribution, the local current and charging/discharging rates were modeled. The electrode scaffold was further developed by the same group to measure electrolyte phase potential within an electric double layer capacitor negative electrode of the aqueous hybrid battery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Potential Distribution Measurement and Validated Model for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Gandomi

Aaron

Zawodzinski

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

101

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An in situ, local potential measurement technique was further developed and applied to all-vanadium redox flow batteries to determine the potential distribution within multilayer electrodes of the battery. Micro-scale potential probes enabled in situ measurement of local potential in electrode layers between the cell flow field and membrane. The local redox potentials were recorded for different operating conditions and states of charges. To further analyze the behavior of potential distribution in the through-plane direction, a mathematical model was developed and the species distribution as well as the flux density of any individual component was modeled in terms of contributions from convective, diffusive and electrophoretic fluxes at each operating condition. Good agreement was achieved between the mathematical model prediction and experimental data with maximum error of 8%. Both mathematical simulation and experimental data confirmed the distribution of potential in the through plane direction as a function of discharge current density, predicting the lowest potential in a region close to the flow plate. Redox flow batteries have many benefits including energy efficiency, capital cost, and life cycle costs compared with other gridscale energy storage technologies.1 Multiple chemistries have been developed for redox flow batteries such as iron-chromium, 2 allvanadium, 3 bromine-polysulfide 4 and zinc-bromine. 5 Among these many chemistries, the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been studied in great detail and is relatively mature with several fullsize systems in operation around the world. The VRFB employs the V (I I )/V (I I I ) redox couple at the negative side and the V (I V )/V (V ) redox couple at the positive side, in the form of V O 2+ and V O + 2 . The kinetics associated with reduction and oxidation of vanadium species are known to be very complex 6,7 In this paper, the following simplified set of global half-reactions are adopted for the negative and positive electrodes.One advantage of VRFBs is that in utilizing the same element, vanadium, as active species in both negative and positive electrolytes, crossover of active species does not foul the electrolyte, and results only in decreased coulombic efficiency. Storage capacity can be regained through electrolyte rebalancing. The VRFB also has a wide operating temperature range from −5 • C to 50• C 8 and fast response (around 350 μs) for start-up and switching between charging and discharging processes, using a sulfuric and hydrochloric acid mixture. 9Cost is still the major barrier to VRFB commercialization. Zhang et al.10 estimated that the cell stack is one of the highest cost components with 31% of capital cost from a base case VRFB. One way to decrease the stack cost is to increase the power density of the VRFB during charge-discharge cycles, allowing for smaller stacks for the same power.11 In order to achieve high power density, the cells should operate at high current density with decreased polarization losses (activation, ohmic an...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Potential Distribution Measurement and Validated Model for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Gandomi

Aaron

Zawodzinski

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

101

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“…The binder materials play a role to combine active materials, conductive additives, and solid electrolytes, and they are generally used for preparing the composite electrodes. − Thus, they form complex ionic and electronic pathways during charge/discharge. , The dispersion state and interaction of these components greatly influences the supply of ions and electrons at partial positions, which causes a reaction distribution in the composite electrode and reduces the utilization efficiency of the cathode materials . However, the relationship between the dispersion state and the reaction distribution in the composite electrode used in all-solid-state batteries has not been clarified yet. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Effect on Reaction Distribution Influenced by Binder Materials in Composite Electrodes for Sheet-type All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries with the Sulfide-based Solid Electrolyte

et al. 2019

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In sheet-type all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with the sulfide-based solid electrolyte, composite electrodes consist of active material, solid electrolyte, conductive additive material, and binder. Thus, they form a three-dimensional ionic and electronic conduction pass. In composite electrodes, the reaction inhomogeneity derived from their morphology exerts a remarkable effect on battery performance. In this study, we prepared sheet-type composite electrodes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with the sulfide-based solid electrolyte using different binder materials with different solvents and investigated the reaction distribution within the electrodes using the 2D-imaging X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Thus, we demonstrated that the dominant factor of the reaction distribution formation is the ionic conduction, depending on the structure of the composite electrode, and that the structure is influenced by the combination between the binder and the solvent used in the preparation of the sheet-type composite electrode.

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“…Specific capacitance C (mA h/g) of a nickel foam electrode with LDH layer was determined according to [12] as:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct synthesis of Ni2Al(OH)7−x(NO3)x·nH2O layered double hydroxide nanolayers by SILD and their capacitive performance

et al. 2015

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In Situ Measurements of Potential, Current and Charging Current across an EDL Capacitance Anode for an Aqueous Sodium Hybrid Battery

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

In Situ Potential Distribution Measurement and Validated Model for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

In Situ Potential Distribution Measurement and Validated Model for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Morphological Effect on Reaction Distribution Influenced by Binder Materials in Composite Electrodes for Sheet-type All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries with the Sulfide-based Solid Electrolyte

Direct synthesis of Ni2Al(OH)7−x(NO3)x·nH2O layered double hydroxide nanolayers by SILD and their capacitive performance

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