In-situ measurements of vertical structure of ozone during the solar eclipse of 15 January 2010

Manchanda, R. K.; Sinha, P. R.; Sreenivasan, S. V.; Trivedi, Dharmesh; Kapardhi, B.V.N.; Kumar, B. Suneel; Kumar, Pradeep; Satyaprakash, U.; Rao, V. N. Mallikarjuna

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.05.011

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The uncertainty in temperature measurements is ±0.3°C, while it is ±0.5 hPa for pressure below 20 km. The accuracy of RH measurements depends upon ambient temperature as well as altitude, and it varies from ±2% near the surface to ±15–20% between 5 and 15 km [ Manchanda et al , ]. In the present study, thermodynamic profiles [i.e., potential temperature ( θ ), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed and direction] are examined along with the vertical profiles of lidar backscatter coefficient on specific days in order to reconcile the influence of thermodynamic structure on the aerosol particle distribution over Hyderabad.…”

Section: Instruments and Data Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Seasonal variation of surface and vertical profile of aerosol properties over a tropical urban station Hyderabad, India

et al. 2013

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[1] One year measurement of vertical profiles of volume backscatter and extinction coefficient, aerosol optical depth (AOD), mass concentration of black carbon (BC) and composite aerosol along with thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere has been carried out over an urban tropical location of Hyderabad(17.47 N, 78.58 E), India, during April 2009 to March 2010. The mean mixing layer height (MLH) exhibits large seasonality exceeding 4 km in pre-monsoon period whereas in winter it comes down tõ 1.5 km with an annual mean value of 2.35 AE 1.02 km. Surface BC mass fraction (F BC ) shows marked seasonal variation from winter (13 AE 1.9%), pre-monsoon (8.19 AE 2.16%), monsoon (7.3 AE 1.8%) to post-monsoon (11.8 AE 0.18%). The profiles of volume backscatter and extinction coefficients reveal presence of elevated aerosol layers from 2 to 4 km and strong oscillations during pre-monsoon (March-May) and monsoon (June-September) seasons, respectively, while in post-monsoon (October-November) and winter (December-February), the aerosols are well within the lower boundary layer and also exhibit a drastic decrease with increasing altitude. These elevated aerosol layers and vertical distribution appear to be closely linked to the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere. The aerosol optical properties in conjunction with air mass back trajectory analysis indicate that the observed elevated aerosol layers during pre-monsoon and monsoon could contain significant fraction of coarse mode particles with a mix of dust and marine aerosols. Further analysis reveals that the aerosols within atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dominate the column aerosol loading with ABL-AOD contributing tõ 77.7 AE 17.0%, with significant seasonal variation from winter (86.2 AE 13.1%), premonsoon (76.6 AE 12.8%), monsoon (54.2 AE 15.6%) to post monsoon (80.8 AE 14.8%). Seasonal variation of ABL-AOD and BC mass fraction follows similar pattern in the ABL indicating that BC may be an important contributor to the ABL aerosol loading.

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Section: Instruments and Data Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Seasonal variation of surface and vertical profile of aerosol properties over a tropical urban station Hyderabad, India

et al. 2013

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“…To date, there have been no comprehensive detailed observations or analysis of mesospheric O 3 during solar eclipses. Most previous studies have focused on the vertical O 3 distribution in the stratosphere [ Ratnam et al ., ; Kumar et al ., ; Manchanda et al ., ] or total column O 3 [ Chakrabarty et al ., ; Zerefos et al ., ; Chudzynski et al ., ; Tzanis , ]. Only a few observations of mesospheric O 3 during solar eclipses have been reported [e.g., Randhawa , ; Agashe and Rathi , ; Connor et al ., ; Kulikov et al ., ], but they were not robust, and little theoretical analysis of the data was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the ratio of molecular photolysis rates during the eclipse to those before or after the eclipse is almost independent of the effective wavelength for photolysis. It is, therefore, expected that O 3 measurements during the eclipse may provide unique information on O 3 photochemistry in the mesosphere where clear diurnal O 3 variations have been recognized [Ricaud et al, 1996 [Ratnam et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2011;Manchanda et al, 2012] or total column O 3 [Chakrabarty et al, 1997;Zerefos et al, 2000;Chudzynski et al, 2001;Tzanis, 2005]. Only a few observations of mesospheric O 3 during solar eclipses have been reported [e.g., Randhawa, 1968;Agashe and Rathi, 1982;Connor et al, 1994;Kulikov et al, 2008], but they were not robust, and little theoretical analysis of the data was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMILES observations of mesospheric ozone during the solar eclipse

Imai

Igarashi

Takahashi

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) successfully observed vertical distributions of ozone (O3) concentration in the middle atmosphere during the annular solar eclipse that occurred on 15 January 2010. In the mesosphere, where the photochemical lifetime of O3 is relatively short (approximately 100 s), altitude‐dependent changes in O3 concentration under reduced solar radiation and their temporal variations were clearly observed as a function of the eclipse obscuration. This study reports the vertical distributions of mesospheric O3 during a solar eclipse event and analyzes theoretically the eclipse‐induced changes. We show that simple analytical expressions for O3 concentration, which assume that O3 and O are in a photochemically steady state, can be used to describe the O3 concentration under reduced solar radiation. The SMILES data obtained during the eclipse provide a unique opportunity to test our current understanding of mesospheric O3 photochemistry.

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“…This further changes the vertical structure of ozone and hence the stratospheric thermal structure is altered by heating or cooling, which is mainly controlled by the ozone absorption of solar radiation. Strong enhancement of stratospheric ozone associated with a mid‐noon solar eclipse is observed over the Indian region in the past (K. K. Kumar et al., 2011; Manchanda et al., 2012; Ratnam et al., 2011). The downdrafts present in the UTLS region and lowering of tropopause can also bring ozone‐rich stratospheric air to the upper troposphere as observed during the post‐eclipse scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Annular Solar Eclipse on the Trace Gases and Dynamics of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere: Results Inferred From an Integrated Campaign “Suryagrahan‐2019”

Das,

Kishore Kumar,

Subrahmanyam

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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An integrated campaign “Suryagrahan‐2019” with multi‐institutional support was conducted by launching a series of radiosondes/ozonesondes over 6‐different locations in India along with the operation of ST/MST radars and launching of RH‐200 rockets during the annular solar eclipse of 26 December 2019. We present the eclipse‐induced changes in the thermal structure, dynamics and trace gases in the lower and middle atmosphere. One of the novel findings is the formation of three step‐like isothermal structures in the lower stratosphere with a layer height of 1.4, 2.5, and 4 km, which is attributed to the adiabatic compression and expansion of the air parcel. These structures have both warming and cooling effect of the order of ±6 K. A significant increase of ozone by 20% in post‐eclipse scenario between 29 and 32 km is observed over Cochin. Strong downdrafts of ∼−0.25 m s−1 are observed between 12 and 16 km during the eclipse event, which is attributed to the atmospheric compression due to the sudden cooling during the eclipse event. Due to the changes in thermal structure, the atmospheric circulation changes are observed in the meridional wind. During the maximum obscuration, there is a sudden decrease in near‐surface and boundary layer ozone by 12–15 ppbv. The present study reiterates that the eclipse‐induced perturbations depend on the local time of the eclipse event and place of observations. It is envisaged that the results discussed in the study will improve our understanding of the eclipse induced perturbations in the Earth's atmosphere.

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In-situ measurements of vertical structure of ozone during the solar eclipse of 15 January 2010

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Seasonal variation of surface and vertical profile of aerosol properties over a tropical urban station Hyderabad, India

Seasonal variation of surface and vertical profile of aerosol properties over a tropical urban station Hyderabad, India

SMILES observations of mesospheric ozone during the solar eclipse

Impact of Annular Solar Eclipse on the Trace Gases and Dynamics of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere: Results Inferred From an Integrated Campaign “Suryagrahan‐2019”

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