In situ mechanical, temperature and gas exposure treatments of materials combined with variable energy positron beam techniques

Schüt, H.; Veen, A. van; Rivera, Alejandro; Huis, Marijn A. van; Garcı́a, A Alba; Galindo, R. Escobar

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(02)00124-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Before and after the D plasma exposure, positron annihilation Doppler broadening (PADB) was used to monitor the formation of vacancy-type defects [15,16]. In the annihilation reaction between an electron and a positron, two gammas, each with an average energy of 511 keV are generated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of noble gas ion pre-irradiation on deuterium retention in tungsten

Cheng¹,

Zhao²,

Temmerman³

et al. 2015

Phys. Scr.

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Impurity seeding of noble gases is an effective way of decreasing the heat loads onto the divertor targets in fusion devices. To investigate effect of noble gases on deuterium retention, tungsten targets have been implanted by different noble gas ions and subsequently exposed to deuterium plasma. Irradiation induced defects and deuterium retention in tungsten targets have been characterized by positron annihilation Doppler broadening and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Similar defect distributions are observed in tungsten irradiated by neon and argon, while it is comparatively low in the case of helium. The influence of helium pre-irradiation on deuterium trapping is found to be small based on the desorption spectrum compared with that of the pristine one. Neon and argon pre-irradiation leads to an enhancement of deuterium trapping during plasma exposure. The influence on deuterium retention is found to be argon > neon > helium when comparing at a similar crystal damage level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of noble gas ion pre-irradiation on deuterium retention in tungsten

Cheng¹,

Zhao²,

Temmerman³

et al. 2015

Phys. Scr.

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“…All the cups were examined by positron beam Doppler broadening spectroscopy, performed with the Delft variable energy positron beam 12. Positrons emitted from a 22 Na source are, after moderation to thermal energy and subsequent controlled acceleration, injected in the samples with a kinetic energy of 25 keV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of structural defects in deep-drawn austenitic Mn-based TWIP steel

Tol

Zhao

Schüt

et al. 2012

Materials Science and Technology

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X-ray diffraction, positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy and magnetic measurements have been used to investigate the effect of deep drawing on the generation of structural defects in austenitic Mn-based twinning induced plasticity steels. The effects of plastic deformation and hydrogen on structural defects in austenitic Mn-based twinning induced plasticity steels have not extensively been investigated, leaving the understanding of the effect of the deformation mechanisms involving twinning or plasticity induced transformation on the structural defects incomplete. X-ray diffraction measurements show an initial increase in defect concentration with increasing equivalent strain. Positron annihilation Doppler broadening revealed the existence of two defect types with a different degree of open volume. The interpretation in terms of dislocations, stacking faults and/or twins corroborated with the line broadening results from X-ray diffraction measurements. Magnetisation measurements revealed the formation of α′ martensite, which was related to the fraction of positrons annihilating at smaller structural defects. The presented findings attribute the larger defect type to dislocations, whereas the smaller defect type is attributed to partial dislocations and is consequently related to twinning or plasticity induced transformation.

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“…This property has a wide range of applications in research and industry and has been used to study such diverse issues as ion-implantation-induced damage in semiconductors [14], the properties of low-k dielectrics used as insulators in the IC manufacturing industry [15], accelerated aging in polymers [16], metal fatigue [17], and hydrogen embrittlement in structural metals [18]. Since the positron lifetime can vary from a few hundred picoseconds to several hundred nanoseconds, positron beams with pulse widths of the order of ~200 ps and interpulse periods >100 ns (i.e., frequencies < 10 MHz) are desirable.…”

Section: Bunchingmentioning

confidence: 99%