In situ monitoring of isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams formation

Abstract

Novel isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams were prepared by the one-step method in a computerized foam qualification system (FOAMAT). The experimental conditions to obtain this type of foams, in relation to the nature and concentration of catalysts as well as the reaction temperature, were established as no data were available in scientific literature. The chemical reactions occurring during the foam generation process were monitored in situ by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the foam generation was fitted to an nth order model and the data showed that the foaming process adjusted to a first-order kinetics. The physical changes as pressure, foam height, and dielectric polarization were monitored by the FOAM software (FOAMAT). According to these parameters, the foaming process was divided into four steps: bubble growth, bubble packing, cell opening, and final curing.

Bio‐based polyurethane films using white dextrins

“…In this study, we focus on the first method for crosslinking of the obtained modified and pristine carbohydrate‐based polyols. IPDI was used due to the current tendency in industry to substitute aromatic diisocyanates with aliphatic diisocyanates . In addition, toluene diisocyanate (TDI)‐ and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)‐based PUs are less thermally stable, decomposing at lower temperatures than aliphatic isocyanate‐based foams .…”

Recent progress in micro‐/nano‐fibrillar reinforced polymeric composite foams

“…The improved performance has begun to shift production methods and the marketplace. [ 6‐11 ] The global polymer foam market size is estimated to grow to be about 90.7 billion USD in 2020 and projected to reach 114.8 billion USD in 2025. [ 12 ] Polymer foams can first be divided according to the polymer material into thermoset and thermoplastic foams.…”

Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants

“…PUR foams were prepared using the formulation and procedure described in a previous article by means of the FOAMAT system (Format Messtechnik GmbH). The FRs were mixed in the first step with the polyol, the surfactant, distilled water, and the blowing catalyst (DABCO).…”

“…Recently, we have established the experimental conditions necessary to obtain flexible PUR foams using an asymmetric cyclic aliphatic diisocyanate (IPDI) . Aliphatic isocyanates based foams have a promising future because of the market tendency to substitute the aromatic IPDIs.…”