In-situ observation of spatial organization of natural rubber latex particles and exploring the relationship between particle size and mechanical properties of natural rubber

Wei, Yinmao; Zhu, Ding; Xie, Wen-Yi; Xia, Jie-Hui; He, Meng-Fan; Liao, Shuangquan

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114737

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The polymer chain is composed of thousands of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) units, two poly units (trans-1,4-isoprene), and two terminal groups of chain α and ω associated with phospholipids (α-end) and proteins (ω-end) . The α-end of the rubber chain is linked with mono- and diphosphate groups associated with phospholipids by H-bonding, whereas the ω-end of the rubber chain is linked with a dimethylallyl group associated with protein by H-bonding . C–H stretching at 3000–3200 cm –1 (assigned to CH 2 and CH 3 ), CC stretching at 1660–1680 cm –1 , and C–C stretching at 1000–975 cm –1 are attributed to the chemical structure of NR (Figure a). ,− In particular, C–H stretching bands related to CH 2 and CH 3 are also assigned to the presence of phospholipidic chains and proteins attached to the surface of the NR particles .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Fluorescent Dyes as Probes for in Situ Characterization of Natural Rubber Coatings

Oliveira

Paula

Maia

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In this study, we used fluorescent silica particles (SiPs) as probes to characterize the chemical stability of natural rubber (NR)-based coatings in situ without extensive sample preparation. By tuning the size, concentration, and surface charge of the SiPs and the type of solvent, we obtained two distinct NR-SiPs coatings: (1) irregular honeycomb patterns and (2) flat surfaces. Raman spectral mapping was used to investigate the chemical structure and to illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of the multiple components of the NR-SiPs coatings. The stability of the NR-SiPs coatings was assessed under fluid shear force stress and at high ionic strength conditions (NaCl, 0.85% w/v) using a perfusion chamber coupled with a confocal laser scanning microscope. By evaluating the fluorescent signal of the SiPs, we determined their distribution in the NR-based coatings and monitored their chemical stability via in situ confocal imaging. Using the fluorescent SiPs as probes, we could infer the high chemical stability of the coatings at high ionic strength and under shear stress conditions, opening new horizons for the application of NR coatings in medicine, microelectronics, and the automobile industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Fluorescent Dyes as Probes for in Situ Characterization of Natural Rubber Coatings

Oliveira

Paula

Maia

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Stage of prevulcanization can be determined based on equations below (Eqs. (4,5)), where Q is a swell ratio calculated from the change of the sample weight (W1 -initial weight; W2 -swollen weight) and L is a swell ratio calculated from the change of the sample diameter (l1 -initial diameter; l2 -swollen diameter) [46]: Natural Rubber Latex -Origin, Specification and Application DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107985…”

Section: Swelling Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rubber obtained from H. brasiliensis is a polymer of cis-1, 4-polyisoprene. Polymer chains have a length from 1000 to 3000 of isoprene units [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubber particles have bimodal diameter size distribution, and rubber particles can be classified based on the size as small rubber particles (SRP) with an average particle size of 10-250 nm and large rubber particles (LRP) with an average particle size of 250-3000 nm [4,5,9,10]. That bimodal size distribution looks different in different types of latices (fresh latex, concentrated latex, and prevulcanized latex (PV) latex) and changes during processing-for example during centrifuging or during clarification [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Rubber Latex - Origin, Specification and Application

Kędzia¹,

Sitko²,

Haponiuk³

et al. 2023

Application and Characterization of Rubber Materials

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The chapter contains information about the origin of natural rubber latex (NRL) (Hevea brasiliensis) and the processing of field latex, considering quality changes occurring during the preparation of raw materials for distribution. The main types of concentrated natural rubber latex are described. A specification of natural rubber latex (NRL) in terms of key parameters tested by manufacturers and customers is presented. Test methods for verifying if the material meets the requirements of ISO 2004 and internal specifications are described based on standards and commonly used techniques. The next subject touched in the chapter is prevulcanization as the processing of concentrated latex with a change of its properties. One of the main industrial applications of NRL as prevulcanized latex (PV) is the production of dipped goods like gloves or balloons. Currently, some trends and challenges relate to sustainability issues are presented (carbon footprint, FSC).

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“…Natural rubber (NR), an elastic solid composed of natural rubber latex (NRL) through solidification, drying and other processing procedures, is of great use due to its comprehensively excellent properties that are superior to synthetic rubber [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. For example, NR plays an irreplaceable role in the tread rubber of airplane tires [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Clones on Relationship between Natural Rubber and Size of Rubber Particles in Latex

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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IAN873, Dongfang93114 and Reyan73397, created through vegetative propagation for their high yield and excellent cold resistance, are major clones planted in China. In this work, latexes with rubber particles of the same size from these clones are separated from fresh natural rubber latex, and corresponding rubber films are prepared from each latex. The structure and components of each film are measured. This indicates that the characteristics of the rubbers obtained from latexes with similar particle sizes show some resembling trends among different clones, while for specific samples, those characteristics vary depending on the clone. The molecular weight is generally highest in IAN873 and lowest in Reyan73397. Rubber chains in small rubber particles are longer, and large rubber particles show a wider molecular weight distribution. The gel content of every sample from Reyan73397 is lower than the other two clones. The nitrogen content increases with the size of rubber particles in all clones. The ester content of small rubber particles in IAN873 and Reyan73397 is almost zero. Large rubber particles have more branching points formed via esters. This study provides a new perspective on the influence of clones on the relationship between characteristics of natural rubber and the size of rubber particles in natural rubber latex.

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In-situ observation of spatial organization of natural rubber latex particles and exploring the relationship between particle size and mechanical properties of natural rubber

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Fluorescent Dyes as Probes for in Situ Characterization of Natural Rubber Coatings

Silica Nanoparticles Modified with Fluorescent Dyes as Probes for in Situ Characterization of Natural Rubber Coatings

Natural Rubber Latex - Origin, Specification and Application

Influence of Clones on Relationship between Natural Rubber and Size of Rubber Particles in Latex

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