In situ observations of inclusions at the (Mn, Si)-killed steel/CaO-Al2O3 interface

Misra, P.; Chevrier, V. F.; Sridhar, Srikanth; Cramb, A. W.

doi:10.1007/s11663-000-0090-3

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is expected that the complex inclusions are probably formed by the interfacial reaction between solid inclusions and liquid steel. [21] The mutual conformity of the industrial data and the in situ observation by the laser microscope suggests that, although the growth of alumina inclusions is mostly dependent on self-attraction, the physical growth by agglomeration of the other types of inclusions has much less importance for the inclusion control in ladle treatment.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Results Of Cslm With The Industrial Finmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The contact angles of alumina, spinel, and CaO 2Al 2 O 3 inclusions with liquid iron at 1873 K (1600°C) have been reported to be 135 deg, 134 deg, and 120 deg, respectively. [21,28,29] An examination of Eqs. [2] and [3] shows that only the value of cos h R depends on the type of inclusions, whereas the other variables are independent of the type.…”

Section: Interactions Between Inclusion Particles On Liquid-steel mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, many phenomena of nonmetallic inclusions in iron-and steelmaking, such as dissolution, [13][14][15][16] precipitation, and crystal growth, [17][18][19][20] have been examined in situ. Although observations have been made of the behavior of the inclusions in liquid steel, [21,22] most studies have been focused on the slag-metal interface. Yin et al [23,24] employed this technique to study the agglomeration and growth of inclusions on the surface of liquid steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment

Kang

Sahebkar

Scheller

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The behaviors of several types of inclusions at a high temperature were examined using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM, 1LM21H/SVF17SP). Although alumina inclusions tended to impact on each other, agglomerate, and grow quickly, no other inclusion type, such as spinel as well as solid and liquid calcium aluminate, was observed to attract each other. The results of confocal microscope study were compared with the industrial investigation. For this purpose, many steel samples were taken at different stages of ladle treatment. The samples were analyzed by scanning and light optical microscopes. Approximately 50,000 inclusions of several types were examined. Only alumina inclusions were attracted to each other and agglomerate. No agglomeration by attractive behavior was observed in the other types of inclusions, including liquid inclusions. Both the industrial data and the in situ observation by CSLM indicate that, although the attraction force and the agglomeration play a significant role in the growth of alumina inclusions, the agglomeration of spinel and calcium aluminate inclusions does not need special consideration in ladle treatment. The agglomeration of liquid calcium aluminate inclusions took place only when they occasionally met as a result of external force, which led to low collision probability. However, the agglomeration of the liquid calcium aluminate inclusions along with alumina particles could be detrimental in the casting process.

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Section: Comparison Of the Results Of Cslm With The Industrial Finmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Interactions Between Inclusion Particles On Liquid-steel mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment

Kang

Sahebkar

Scheller

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…The effect of dissolution on the size of inclusions at slag-metal interface is discussed firstly to check the validity of assumption in the model. Based on the fact that the separation process of inclusions could not be observed with confocal scanning laser microscopy, Sridhar [3,[27][28][29][30][31] claimed that the separation rate was not observable. However, the dissolution process of solid inclusions could be observed in the experiment, the dissolution time of a 100 lm Al 2 O 3 inclusion in slag (46.6 wt pct Al 2 O 3 , 51.5 wt pct CaO, 0.50 wt pct MgO, and 1.3 wt pct SiO 2 ) is about 75 seconds.…”

Section: Analysis Of Preliminary Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion Behavior of Nonmetallic Inclusions at the Interface of Steel and Slag. Part I: Model Development, Validation, and Preliminary Analysis

Liu

Yang

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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The motion behavior of nonmetallic inclusions at the interface of molten steel and slag fundamentally affects the removal of inclusions. Therefore, from an analysis of forces, this study constructed a mathematical model of inclusion movement. Compared with other models that only consider the forces acting on nonmetallic inclusions at the interface, the proposed model considers not only cases in the inclusions which enter the slag interior and rebound into the molten steel, but also the effect of fluid flow containing the inclusions with different Re numbers on the drag force. The application of this established model has not taken Reynolds number of fluid flow into consideration. The model can predict the motion of inclusions at the interface and in nearby areas and provide a curve of inclusion displacement vs time. The mathematical model was verified with a physical model, with the curve of displacement vs time obtained from physical experiment being consistent with the calculated curve. The preliminary calculation results show that inclusions having liquid film at their surfaces are rebounded into the steel when they have size within a certain range but enter the slag phase directly when they are beyond that size range.

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“…High temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT‐CSLM) offers a new approach for investigations at temperatures relevant to steelmaking processes. Based on the pioneer work done by Japanese researchers, this method is applied for the investigation of phase transformations as well as inclusion related questions like particle agglomeration in the liquid steel or reactions of inclusions with slag and refractory material . Meanwhile, also several publications dealing with the use of HT‐CSLM for dissolution studies exist .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Oxide Inclusion Dissolution in Secondary Steelmaking Slags using High Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy

Michelic

Goriupp

Feichtinger

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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High temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT‐CSLM) is used to study the dissolution behavior of Al2O3 inclusions in various slag compositions in the system CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐MgO. This method enables the in situ observation of the dissolution at steelmaking temperatures. The change of the diameter of the spherical inclusion is measured by image analysis of pictures obtained from the HT‐CSLM. Subsequently, dissolution rates and normalized dissolution curves are determined, and the governing dissolution mechanism is identified by the use of a modified approach of the diffusion equation introduced by Feichtinger et al. and compared with the dissolution of SiO2 previously reported by the same authors. Finally, effective binary diffusion coefficients are calculated. Slag viscosity is shown to essentially affect the dissolution behavior, changing the normalized dissolution pattern from rather S‐shaped (high slag viscosity) to a parabolic form (low slag viscosity).

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In situ observations of inclusions at the (Mn, Si)-killed steel/CaO-Al2O3 interface

Abstract: Fig. 2-Comparison between present work, data from commercial DRI, [1] and FIOR HBI.

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment

Observation on Physical Growth of Nonmetallic Inclusion in Liquid Steel During Ladle Treatment

Motion Behavior of Nonmetallic Inclusions at the Interface of Steel and Slag. Part I: Model Development, Validation, and Preliminary Analysis

Study on Oxide Inclusion Dissolution in Secondary Steelmaking Slags using High Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy

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