In Situ One-Step Synthesis of Hierarchical Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Abstract

A hierarchically structured nitrogen-doped porous carbon is prepared from a nitrogen-containing isoreticular metal-organic framework (IRMOF-3) using a self-sacrificial templating method. IRMOF-3 itself provides the carbon and nitrogen content as well as the porous structure. For high carbonization temperatures (950 °C), the carbonized MOF required no further purification steps, thus eliminating the need for solvents or acid. Nitrogen content and surface area are easily controlled by the carbonization temperature. The nitrogen content decreases from 7 to 3.3 at % as carbonization temperature increases from 600 to 950 °C. There is a distinct trade-off between nitrogen content, porosity, and defects in the carbon structure. Carbonized IRMOFs are evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes. For a carbonization temperature of 950 °C, the nitrogen-doped porous carbon has an exceptionally high capacitance of 239 F g(-1). In comparison, an analogous nitrogen-free carbon bears a low capacitance of 24 F g(-1), demonstrating the importance of nitrogen dopants in the charge storage process. The route is scalable in that multi-gram quantities of nitrogen-doped porous carbons are easily produced.

Small-pore driven high capacitance in a hierarchical carbon via carbonization of Ni-MOF-74 at low temperatures

“…The intensity ratio of I G /I D remains close to one (Table SI13, ESI †), with values similar to those reported for carbons prepared via carbonization of MOFs like ZIF-8, 5 MOF-5 or IRMOF-3. 16 The 2D band is present only for Ni/C 800 and Ni/C 1000 , confirming the formation of more graphitized, crystalline carbon at higher temperatures as anticipated using PXRD (Fig. 2).…”

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbons as high performance supercapacitor electrode materials

“…Two featured broad bands at 1593 cm -1 (G band) and 1366 cm -1 (D band) were clearly observed. The former results from the graphitic in-plane vibrations of ideal sp 2 carbons, and the latter is related to the defected carbons 33. The ratio of relative intensity of G to D band (I G /I D ) is widely adopted to evaluate the graphitization degree of porous carbon materials 38.…”

Recent advancements in metal organic framework based electrodes for supercapacitors

“…9a) were prepared via solvothermal approaches using zinc nitrate and H 2 DBC, 2-aminobenzene-1,4,-dicarboxylate by Jeon et al [59]. The material was subsequently converted to a nitrogenous porous carbon IRMOF, or carbonized IRMOF (CIRMOF), by thermal treatment.…”