In Situ Polymerization of Xanthan/Acrylamide for Highly Ionic Conductive Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Unique Interpenetrating Network

Abstract

Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is the key to assembling highperformance solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs). Poly(acrylamide) (PAM) is considered as an important GPE matrix because of its good water solubility, the ease of hydrogen bond formation, and its excellent gel properties. However, the high crystallinity of linear polymer PAM impedes ion migration, and PAM has high flammability in air, which may cause safety problems. In this work, xanthan/PAM-based GPE (XP-GPE) was successfully prepared by an in situ polymerization method. Xanthan and linear PAM chain can form a dual network by hydrogen bond forming between the amide group of PAM and the hydroxyl group of xanthan. This greatly reduces the high crystallinity of PAM macromolecule, realizes the active migration of lithium ion between chain segments, and improves the electrochemical performance. SSCs prepared with XP-GPE and activated carbon electrodes show excellent specific capacitance (589 mF cm −2 at current density of 5 mA cm −2 ) and ionic conductivity (46.96 mS cm −1 ). Furthermore, the SSC shows outstanding flame retardant property. And the electrochemical performance of the flexible SSC has little change under bending conditions, providing an opportunity to develop safe and efficient flexible wearable SSCs.

Gesture Recognition System Using Reduced Graphene Oxide-Enhanced Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Rehabilitation Training

“…Prior to 300 °C, the thermal stability of the initial 30% of the decomposition of both PSTG and PS gels has been notably improved. The electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions present in the cross-linking mechanism of the PS hydrogel effectively inhibited thermal degradation, resulting in enhanced high-temperature resistance. − Similarly, the incorporation of TG generated multiple physical cross-linking points, facilitating strong hydrogen bonding interactions and leading to the retention of a greater proportion of residual products in PSTG gels.…”

Between the Electrodes of a Supercapacitor: An Update on Electrolytes

“…Using the same approach towards an improved gel electrolyte a material showing high stretchability and remarkable self-healing capabilities was developed [193] , see also for a further study [194] . The helpfully large water-binding capability of PAM combined with xanthan enabling formation of hydrogen bonds between the amide groups of PAM and the hydroxyl groups of xanthan yields a gel electrolyte when combined with an aqueous solution of lithium acetate which in addition is very flame-retardant [195] . A flexible EDLC-type solid state supercapacitor kept 82 % of its initial capacitance after 10000 cycles.…”