In Situ Probing Multiple‐Scale Structures of Energy Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries

Zhu, He; Huang, Yu‐Ying; Zhu, Hecheng; Wang, Liguang; Lan, Si; Xia, Xinhui; Liu, Qi

doi:10.1002/smtd.201900223

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 299 publications

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“…7a). These transitions are fingerprinted by the abruptly evolutive breaks of the axes, as it signals the potential barriers to be overcome 35,36 . In detail, the transitions from M1 to M4 (3.0-1.5 V) are irreversible, during which the lattice parameters exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on lithium content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting fast energy storage by synergistic engineering of carbon and deficiency

et al. 2020

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Exploring advanced battery materials with fast charging/discharging capability is of great significance to the development of modern electric transportation. Herein we report a powerful synergistic engineering of carbon and deficiency to construct high-quality three/ two-dimensional cross-linked Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29−x @C composites at primary grain level with conformal and thickness-adjustable boundary carbon. Such exquisite boundary architecture is demonstrated to be capable of regulating the mechanical stress and concentration of oxygen deficiency for desired performance. Consequently, significantly improved electronic conductivity and enlarged lithium ion diffusion path, shortened activation process and better structural stability are realized in the designed Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29−x @C composites. The optimized Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29−x @C composite electrode shows fast charging/discharging capability with a high capacity of 197 mA h g −1 at 20 C (∼3 min) and excellent long-term durability with 98.7% electron and Li capacity retention over 500 cycles. Most importantly, the greatest applicability of our approach has been demonstrated by various other metal oxides, with tunable morphology, structure and composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting fast energy storage by synergistic engineering of carbon and deficiency

et al. 2020

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“…Different from the ex-situ techniques, the in-situ characterization techniques monitor the signal of active materials in ion batteries under working conditions, providing time-resolved information on solid electrolyte formation, ions insertion/extraction and structural evolutions, etc. (Harks et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016;Yuan et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2019). This operando information is of great significance in developing new electrode materials and improving the performance of batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon Anode Materials for Rechargeable Alkali Metal Ion Batteries and in-situ Characterization Techniques

Ding

Huang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), used for energy supply and storage equipment, have been widely applied in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. However, the urgent demand for high energy density batteries and the shortage of lithium resources is driving scientists to develop high-performance materials and find alternatives. Low-volume expansion carbon material is the ideal choice of anode material. However, the low specific capacity has gradually become the shortcoming for the development of LIBs and thus developing new carbon material with high specific capacity is urgently needed. In addition, developing alternatives of LIBs, such as sodium ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries, also puts forward demands for new types of carbon materials. As is well-known, the design of high-performance electrodes requires a deep understanding on the working mechanism and the structural evolution of active materials. On this issue, ex-situ techniques have been widely applied to investigate the electrode materials under special working conditions, and provide a lot of information. Unfortunately, these observed phenomena are difficult to reflect the reaction under real working conditions and some important short-lived intermediate products cannot be captured, leading to an incomplete understanding of the working mechanism. In-situ techniques can observe the changes of active materials in operando during the charge/discharge processes, providing the concrete process of solid electrolyte formation, ions intercalation mechanism, structural evolutions, etc. Herein, this review aims to provide an overview on the characters of carbon materials in alkali ion batteries and the role of in-situ techniques in developing carbon materials.

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“…Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been used for studying battery materials in situ and operando in functional batteries (Sacci et al, 2015;Bridges et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2019;Risse et al, 2019). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been used for studying battery materials in situ and operando in functional batteries (Sacci et al, 2015;Bridges et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2019;Risse et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li-ion half-cells studied operando during cycling by small-angle neutron scattering

et al. 2020

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Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was recently applied to the in situ and operando study of the charge/discharge process in Li-ion battery full-cells based on a pouch cell design. Here, this work is continued in a half-cell with a graphite electrode cycled versus a metallic lithium counter electrode, in a study conducted on the SANS-1 instrument of the neutron source FRM II at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum in Garching, Germany. It is confirmed that the SANS integrated intensity signal varies as a function of graphite lithiation, and this variation can be explained by changes in the squared difference in scattering length density between graphite and the electrolyte. The scattering contrast change upon graphite lithiation/delithiation calculated from a multi-phase neutron scattering model is in good agreement with the experimentally measured values. Due to the finite coherence length, the observed SANS contrast, which mostly stems from scattering between the (lithiated) graphite and the electrolyte phase, contains local information on the mesoscopic scale, which allows the development of lithiated phases in the graphite to be followed. The shape of the SANS signal curve can be explained by a core-shell model with step-wise (de)lithiation from the surface. Here, for the first time, X-ray diffraction, SANS and theory are combined to give a full picture of graphite lithiation in a half-cell. The goal of this contribution is to confirm the correlation between the integrated SANS data obtained during operando measurements of an Li-ion half-cell and the electrochemical processes of lithiation/delithiation in micro-scaled graphite particles. For a deeper understanding of this correlation, modelling and experimental data for SANS and results from X-ray diffraction were taken into account. research papers J. Appl. Cryst. (2020). 53, 210-221 Johannes Hattendorff et al. SANS operando study of Li-ion half-cells 211 research papers 212 Johannes Hattendorff et al. SANS operando study of Li-ion half-cells J. Appl. Cryst. (2020). 53, 210-221 Figure 2An operando X-ray diffractogram recorded from the Li/graphite half-cell cycled at C/5, showing the presence of well defined lithiation stages, which indicates good homogeneity across the electrode. J. Appl. Cryst. (2020). 53, 210-221 Johannes Hattendorff et al. SANS operando study of Li-ion half-cells 219 Figure 9An illustration of the calculation mesh and the coherence volumes centred at each mesh element k, (a) for small particles and (b) for a large particle with two phases, e.g. active material and electrolyte or solvent. One square is of the order of 30 nm.

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In Situ Probing Multiple‐Scale Structures of Energy Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 48 publications

References 299 publications

Boosting fast energy storage by synergistic engineering of carbon and deficiency

Boosting fast energy storage by synergistic engineering of carbon and deficiency

Carbon Anode Materials for Rechargeable Alkali Metal Ion Batteries and in-situ Characterization Techniques

Li-ion half-cells studied operando during cycling by small-angle neutron scattering

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