In situ Raman spectroscopy of insertion electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors: First cycle effects

Hardwick, Laurence J.; Ruch, Patrick; Hahn, Matthias; Scheifele, Werner; Kötz, R.; Novák, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.10.017

Cited by 115 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The intensities of 1T-Na y MoS 2 Raman peaks decrease when the cell was discharged from 0.2 to 0.1 V, which can be ascribed to the decomposition of 1T-Na y MoS 2 into Mo and Na y S. [ 18 ] In addition, the blue-shift of the D-band and the red-shift of the G-band can be observed during the discharge process due to the intercalation of Na + . [ 19 ] From the ex situ SEM images shown in Figure S6c,d…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Xie

Makaryan

Zhao

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

475

321

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materials to host sodium ions. Nanostructuring and hierarchical electrode architectures are required to facilitate transport of Na-ions within electrodes. [ 3 ] Recent studies have provided a leap forward in developing promising anode materials, such as carbonaceous materials, [ 4 ] phosphorus, [ 5 ] metallic alloys, [ 6 ] titanates, [ 7 ] and 2D metal carbides (MXenes). [ 8 ] MoS 2 , a layered material with S-Mo-S motifs stacked together by van der Waals forces, received extraordinary attention in the last few years. Many inroads have been made recently in developing MoS 2 based electrode materials for SIBs. For example, MoS 2 nanofl owers with expanded interlayers have been prepared as intercalationtype electrode materials in the voltage window of 0.4-3.0 V. [ 9 ] When the voltage window is expanded to 0.01-3.0 V, MoS 2 follows an intercalation-conversion mechanism for Na + storage. Due to the low conductivity and the huge volume variations of MoS 2 during charge/discharge processes, bare MoS 2 electrodes exhibited poor rate capability and fast capacity decay upon cycling. [ 10 ] To overcome this limitation, dispersing MoS 2 in carbon matrices with high electronic conductivity has been proved effective for improving the electrochemical properties in SIBs. Different MoS 2 -carbon hybrid materials have been tested as anodes for SIBs, such as MoS 2 nanodots embedded in carbon nanowires, [ 11 ] MoS 2 /graphene composites, [ 10,12 ] MoS 2 /CNT composites, [ 13 ] and MoS 2 /carbon nanospheres. [ 14 ] Usually, current collectors, conductive agents and binders are needed to fabricate fi lm electrodes, which inherently increases the total weight and cost of SIBs. Furthermore, they suffer from low initial Coulombic effi ciency (ICE <60%). The low ICE originates from: (i) the formation of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) caused by electrolyte decomposition; (ii) adverse side reactions between inactive components (conductive agent and binder) and sodium metal; (iii) electrical contact failure of electrode; and (iv) an excessive interface between carbon and electrolyte, which leads to considerable side reactions. [ 15 ] This low ICE requires a larger mass of the corresponding cathode material in full cells, thereby increasing the total weight and cost of SIBs. Rational geometrical design to give electrode materials a high ICE is a key research topic in SIBs. Moreover, anodeThe development of sodium-ion batteries for large-scale applications requires the synthesis of electrode materials with high capacity, high initial Coulombic effi ciency (ICE), high rate performance, long cycle life, and low cost. A rational design of freestanding anode materials is reported for sodium-ion batteries, consisting of molybdenum disulfi de (MoS 2 ) nanosheets aligned vertically on carbon paper derived from paper towel. The hierarchical structure enables suffi cient electrode/electrolyte interaction and fast electron transportation. Meanwhile, the unique architecture can minimize the excessive interface between carbon and electrolyte,...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Xie

Makaryan

Zhao

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

475

321

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“…À3.5 V is attributed to complete electrolyte and GIC reduction, i.e. the 'background current', and is sufficiently irreversible since there is no corresponding anodic peak on the reverse scan [34,35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the controlled electrochemical preparation of R4N+ graphite intercalation compounds and their host structural deformation effects

Cooper

Velický

Kinloch

et al. 2014

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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a b s t r a c tWe present electrochemical studies of tetraalkylammonium (R 4 N + ) reduction chemistry at Highly Orientated Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. We show that by electrochemically controlled intercalation and formation of a graphite intercalation complex (GIC) into layered HOPG, the irreversible reduction of the tetraalkylammonium cation can be prevented and subsequent deintercalation of the GIC via the use of potentiostatic control is achievable. R 4 N + cations with varying alkyl chain lengths (methyl, ethyl and butyl) have been shown to exhibit excellent charge recovery effects during charge/discharge studies. Finally the effects of electrode expansion on the degree of recovered charge have been investigated and the observed effects of R 4 N + intercalation on the graphite cathode have been probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

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“…The CV recorded in the operating range of the negative electrode shows a loss of capacitive current, C − , while that of the positive electrode is the same before and after floating ( the porosity during floating. The smaller capacitance of the negative electrode just after floating might be explained either by the adsorption of the Et 4 N + ions in the narrow micropores or to their intercalation in disordered graphene clusters [63,64]. The formation of decomposition products should also not be neglected [65,66] …”

Section: Ions Trapping In Poresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors and Carbons for EDLCs

2013

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IntroductionAccumulators, electrochemical capacitors (ECs) (or supercapacitors), and capacitors are the three main electrochemical systems that can be used to store energy. As described in the so-called Ragone plot shown in Figure 4.1, each of these systems offers different characteristics in terms of specific power and energy. From a general point of view, accumulators, and more precisely Li-ion batteries, can store high energy densities (up to 180 Wh kg −1 for commercial products) with low-power densities (up to about 2 kW kg −1 ). Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) can deliver very high-power density (15 kW kg −1 ) with lower stored energy (5 Wh kg −1 ) than that of batteries.EDLCs can be applied in the case of stationary and mobile systems requiring highpower pulses: car acceleration, tramways, cranes, forklifts, emergency systems, and so on. Moreover, owing to their low time constant, they can quickly harvest energy, for example, during deceleration or braking of vehicles.Although EDLCs are able to provide high power with a long cycle life compared to accumulators, they suffer from a relatively low energy density. Therefore, the main ongoing research direction concerns the optimization of the existing electrode materials and the development of new materials.Industrial EDLCs are essentially based on nanoporous carbon electrodes. The reasons for this choice lie in the high availability, low cost, chemical inertness, and good electrical conductivity of activated carbons (ACs), as well as a high versatility of texture and surface functionality. For these reasons, this chapter presents the capacitance properties of carbon-based electrodes, showing optimization strategies playing on the structure/nanotexture of the carbon and on the nature of the electrolyte.

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In situ Raman spectroscopy of insertion electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors: First cycle effects

Cited by 115 publications

References 32 publications

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

On the controlled electrochemical preparation of R4N+ graphite intercalation compounds and their host structural deformation effects

Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors and Carbons for EDLCs

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In situ Raman spectroscopy of insertion electrodes for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors: First cycle effects

Cited by 115 publications

References 32 publications

MoS2 Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

MoS2 Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

On the controlled electrochemical preparation of R4N+ graphite intercalation compounds and their host structural deformation effects

Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitors and Carbons for EDLCs

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Product

Resources

About

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries

MoS₂ Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on Carbon Paper: A Freestanding Electrode for Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Batteries