In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Maurice, S.; Chide, Baptiste; Murdoch, Naomi; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Mimoun, David; Stott, Alexander; Jacob, Xavier; Bertrand, Tanguy; Montmessin, Franck; Lanza, N.; Álvarez-Llamas, César; Angel, S. Michael; Aung, M.; Balaram, J.; Beyssac, Olivier; Cousin, A.; Delory, G. T.; Forni, O.; Fouchet, Thierry; Gasnault, O.; Grip, Håvard Fjær; Hecht, M. H.; Hoffman, Jeffrey A.; Laserna, Javier; Lasue, J.; Maki, J. N.; McClean, John; Meslin, P. Y.; Mouélic, S. Le; Munguira, Asier; Newman, Claire; Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A.; Moros, Javier; Ollila, A.; Pilleri, P.; Schröder, Susanne; Juárez, Manuel de la Torre; Tzanetos, Theodore; Stack, K. M.; Farley, Kenneth A.; Williford, K. H.; Wiens, Roger C.; Acosta-Maeda, T. E.; Anderson, R. B.; Applin, D. M.; Arana, Gorka; Bassas-Portus, M.; Beal, R.; Beck, Pierre; Benzerara, Karim; Bernard, Sylvain; Bernardi, Pernelle; Bosak, Tanja; Bousquet, Bruno; Brown, Adrian; Cadu, A.; Caïs, Philippe; Castro, Kepa; Clavé, Elise; Clegg, S. M.; Cloutis, E. A.; Connell, Stephanie; Debus, A.; Dehouck, E.; Delapp, D.; Donny, Christophe; Dorresoundiram, A.; Dromart, G.; Dubois, B.; Fabre, C.; Fau, A.; Fischer, Woodward W.; Francis, Raymond; Frydenvang, J.; Gabriel, T. S. J.; Gibbons, E. F.; Gontijo, I.; Johnson, J. R.; Kalucha, Hemani; Kelly, Evan M.; Knutsen, Elise W.; Lacombe, Gaétan; Mouëlic, Stéphane Le; Legett, Carey; Leveille, R.; Lewin, É.; López‐Reyes, Guillermo; Lorigny, Eric; Madariaga, Juan Manuel; Madsen, M. B.; Madsen, S.N.; Mandon, Lucia; Mangold, N.; Mann, Mati; Manrique, José Antonio; Martínez‐Frías, Jesús; Mayhew, L. E.; McConnochie, T. H.; McLennan, S. M.; Melikechi, Noureddine; Meunier, F.; Montagnac, Gilles; Mousset, Valérie; Nelson, Tony; Newell, Raymond; Parot, Yann; Pilorget, C.; Pinet, P.; Pont, G.; Poulet, F.; Quantin‐Nataf, Cathy; Quertier, Benjamin; Rapin, W.; Reyes‐Newell, A.; Robinson, S.; Rochas, L.; Royer, Clément; Rull, Fernando; Sautter, V.; Sharma, Shiv K.; Shridar, V.; Sournac, A.; Toplis, Michael J.; Torre‐Fdez, I.; Turenne, Nathalie; Udry, Arya; Veneranda, Marco; Venhaus, D.; Vogt, David; Willis, Peter

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04679-0

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Its Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) includes a zenith-looking camera, Skycam (Apestigue et al, 2022). SuperCam imaged targets at the site with the Remote Microscopic Imager (RMI) as well as recording sounds at the site with its microphone (Maurice et al, 2021(Maurice et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater

Lemmon

Smith

Viúdez‐Moreiras

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Rovers and landers on Mars have experienced local, regional, and planetary‐scale dust storms. However, in situ documentation of active lifting within storms has remained elusive. Over 5–11 January 2022 (LS 153°–156°), a dust storm passed over the Perseverance rover site. Peak visible optical depth was ∼2, and visibility across the crater was briefly reduced. Pressure amplitudes and temperatures responded to the storm. Winds up to 20 m s−1 rotated around the site before the wind sensor was damaged. The rover imaged 21 dust‐lifting events—gusts and dust devils—in one 25‐min period, and at least three events mobilized sediment near the rover. Rover tracks and drill cuttings were extensively modified, and debris was moved onto the rover deck. Migration of small ripples was seen, but there was no large‐scale change in undisturbed areas. This work presents an overview of observations and initial results from the study of the storm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater

Lemmon

Smith

Viúdez‐Moreiras

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

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“…Its Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) includes a zenith-looking camera, Skycam . SuperCam imaged targets at the site with the Remote Microscopic Imager (RMI) as well as recording sounds at the site with its microphone (Maurice et al, 2021(Maurice et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust, sand, and winds within an active Martian storm in Jezero crater

Lemmon

Smith

Viúdez‐Moreiras

et al. 2022

Preprint

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However, in situ documentation of active lifting within storms has remained elusive. Over 5-11 January 2022 (L S 153°-156°), a dust storm passed over the Perseverance rover site. Peak visible optical depth was ∼2, and visibility across the crater was briefly reduced. Pressure amplitudes and temperatures responded to the storm. Winds up to 20 m s −1 rotated around the site before the wind sensor was damaged. The rover imaged 21 dust-lifting events-gusts and dust devils-in one 25-min period, and at least three events mobilized sediment near the rover. Rover tracks and drill cuttings were extensively modified, and debris was moved onto the rover deck. Migration of small ripples was seen, but there was no large-scale change in undisturbed areas. This work presents an overview of observations and initial results from the study of the storm.Plain Language Summary Mars commonly has local and regional dust storms, some of which grow into global dust storms. Until now, no lander or rover on Mars has observed the meteorology and processes within an active lifting storm center. The Perseverance rover experienced a large regional storm in Jezero crater over six sols (Martian days) in January 2022. It documented active dust lifting and winds reshaping the Martian sediment. Winds increased as the storm approached but were only directly monitored until the afternoon of the first sol, when the wind sensor failed during high winds. Winds, even after the loss of the wind sensor, were powerful enough to blow sand and lift dust around the rover. Rover imaging showed 21 dust devils and other dust lifting events near noon of the first sol. Images of the rover and terrain showed that there were several incidents of sediment mobilization immediately around the rover. Rover tracks were erased or heavily modified, cuttings from a recent drilling were removed, and sediment was deposited across the rover's deck. The changes wrought by the storm were concentrated on areas where the rover had previously modified the terrain, except for sand motion including the migration of small sand ripples.LEMMON ET AL.

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“…SuperCam measures the first sound speed at the surface of Mars using its laser combined with its microphone (Maurice et al., 2021). The latter provides the first characterization of the Mars soundscape in the audible range (Maurice et al., 2022). In particular, atmospheric recordings unveil pressure variations down to 1,000 times smaller scales than ever observed before, highlighting the transition to the turbulent dissipative regime where eddy energy is transferred to smaller scales and later dissipated into heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustics Reveals Short‐Term Air Temperature Fluctuations Near Mars' Surface

Chide

Bertrand

Hueso

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) includes the lower atmospheric layers directly in contact with the surface (Petrosyan et al., 2011). On Mars, it plays a critical role, strongly impacting the climate system, as it controls the dust lifting, the volatile fluxes and the exchange of heat and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere Abstract Acoustics is new on Mars: it allows the characterization of turbulence at smaller scales than previously possible within the lowest part of the Planetary Boundary Layer. Sound speed measurements, by the SuperCam instrument and its microphone onboard the NASA Perseverance rover, allow the retrieval of atmospheric temperatures at 0.77 m above the ground, at 3 Hz, with a ∼10 ms response time that is 20-100 times shorter than for typical thermocouple sensors used on Mars. Here we report on the first measurements of the sound speed-derived temperature and its fluctuations near the surface. Data highlight large and rapid fluctuations up to ±7 K/s, whose amplitude over such a timescale has never been reported, nor predicted by atmospheric models. These fluctuations follow the daytime pattern of the turbulence and highlight occasional high amplitude events that are likely due to the conjunction of low thermal inertia and strong winds. Plain Language SummaryThe atmospheric surface layer of Mars, is prone to various interactions between the surface and the atmosphere, which control most of the climate and the weather of the red planet. There, large temperature gradients generate an intense turbulence during the daytime. Hence, the measurement of the air temperature variations close to the surface is important to understand the spatial and temporal scales of this turbulence. The SuperCam instrument onboard the NASA Perseverance rover enables the retrieval of the near-surface atmospheric temperatures, and their fluctuations, at an unprecedented short timescale. Sound speed-derived temperatures, also call sonic temperatures, collected over the Northern spring and summer of Martian Year 36 reveal large and rapid thermal fluctuations up to ±7 K/s, whose amplitude over such a timescale is not reported by any weather station sensors, nor predicted by models that simulate small-scale eddies. These fluctuations follow the daytime pattern of the turbulence with a maximum amplitude early afternoon. Some occasional high temperature fluctuation events are observed, suggesting a complex effect of ground properties and local meteorological conditions on the turbulence. Overall, acoustics is a new and promising technique that records a unique view of atmospheric temperature variations near the surface of Mars.

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In situ recording of Mars soundscape

Cited by 44 publications

References 39 publications

Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater

Dust, Sand, and Winds Within an Active Martian Storm in Jezero Crater

Dust, sand, and winds within an active Martian storm in Jezero crater

Acoustics Reveals Short‐Term Air Temperature Fluctuations Near Mars' Surface

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