In-situ regeneration of saturated granular activated carbon by an iron oxide nanocatalyst

Chiu, Chao An; Hristovski, Kiril; Huling, Scott G.; Westerhoff, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.021

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…GAC contactor operation is cost-and time-intensive because of the periodic replacement of the exhausted media with virgin or reactivated GAC (Cheng, Dastgheib, & Karanfil, 2005;Hanigan et al, 2012;Summers et al, 1998). To address this, novel in situ GAC reactivation strategies have been explored to reduce downtime and media replacement costs (Alvarez, Beltran, Gomez-Serrano, Jaramillo, & Rodriguez, 2004;Chiu, Hristovski, Huling, & Westerhoff, 2013;San Miguel, Lambert, & Graham, 2001;Summers et al, 1998). In addition, improving pretreatment practices can delay the breakthrough of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that serves as TTHM and HAA5 precursors.…”

Section: Promulgation Of the Stage 2 Disinfectants And Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine addition prior to granular activated carbon contactors improves trihalomethane control

Fischer

Ghosh²,

Talabi³

et al. 2019

AWWA Water Science

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Optimizing granular activated carbon (GAC) operation can reduce costs for removing disinfection byproducts or their precursors. This article investigates prechlorination to enhance the removal of total trihalomethane (TTHM) precursors and reduce TTHM concentrations in finished water. Rapid small‐scale column tests (RSSCTs) and pilot tests using virgin and reactivated GAC were conducted on water with and without prechlorination. Prechlorination (1 or 2 mg Cl2/L) increased (by 15 and 30%, respectively) the number of bed volumes treated by GAC. On the basis of size exclusion chromatography, prechlorination followed by GAC preferentially removed low‐molecular‐weight dissolved organic carbon by GAC. Simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination tests on GAC effluent showed lower TTHM concentrations with prechlorination. Prechlorination lowered the bromine incorporation factor values in GAC effluents after SDS tests, which suggests a reduction in toxicity potential from trihalomethanes. RSSCT results were validated by pilot testing, showing that RSSCTs can be used to optimize the prechlorination process.

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Section: Promulgation Of the Stage 2 Disinfectants And Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine addition prior to granular activated carbon contactors improves trihalomethane control

Fischer

Ghosh²,

Talabi³

et al. 2019

AWWA Water Science

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“…Iron oxide nanocatalyst was applied for phenol removal in the GAC column. Batch tests showed that 69e76% regeneration was achieved for phenol-spent GAC involving lower phenol concentrations (10e500 mg/L) (Chiu et al, 2013). Huling et al (2011) demonstrated that MTBE oxidation and removal from GAC increased with the persulfate dosage while heating to 55 C. Chloroform removal was limited to around 60% for the F400 GAC although the persulfate mass loading increased to 0.61 g/gGAC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several persulfate activation methods have been reported that can be used to form sulfate radical anion ( SO À 4 ) (R1eR2), which is a strong, non-specific oxidant (E 0 ¼ 2.4 V) that exhibits fast reaction rates and is capable of degrading a wide range of environmental contaminants with longer reaction time (Huling et al, 2011). Previous studies discuss chemical activation (Huling et al, 2007(Huling et al, , 2009; Chiu et al, 2013) and thermal activation (Huang et al, 2002;Ghauch et al, 2012;Waldemer et al, 2007) of persulfate for GAC regeneration. Iron oxide nanocatalyst was applied for phenol removal in the GAC column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-activated persulfate oxidation and regeneration of NOM-Saturated granular activated carbon

Westerhoff

Zheng

et al. 2015

Water Research

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“…This may account for large variations in drug removals observed between processes. Chiu et al [97] demonstrated the possibility of in situ catalytic regeneration of GAC using iron nano-catalysts. This could provide an effective means of regeneration in the future, limiting variations in performance currently observed.…”

Section: Adsorption By Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of drugs during wastewater treatment

Petrie

McAdam

Scrimshaw

et al. 2013

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Recent trends for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs in wastewaters focus on the development of rapid multi-residue methods. These encompass a large number of drugs (up to 90) of varying physicochemical composition (hydrophobicity, molecular weight etc) at ng l -1 concentrations in the aqueous phase of complex heterogeneous matrices. These are well suited for drug determination in secondary effluents which contain detectable concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Drugs are not routinely monitored for in particulate phases of wastewaters despite being essential for fate determination, particularly in secondary processes receiving relatively high concentrations of suspended solids. Secondary effluents tend to contain multiple drugs, often above their proposed legislative targets for consent. Thus, tertiary processing may be considered to enhance drug removal and provide additional environmental protection. However, current analytical methods do not enable the efficacy of tertiary processes to be fully ascertained due to the inherently lower drug concentrations achieved. Existing method optimisation is required to lower detection capabilities for tertiary process monitoring. This would aid the understanding of breakdown reaction completeness and the criticality between parent drug and degradation product concentrations. Numerous degradation products are formed by biological and chemical processes which can exhibit toxicity. The complimentary use of biological assays here would improve understanding of the synergistic toxicological effect of multiple drugs and their degradation products at low concentration. Additionally, tertiary processes receive secondary effluents comprising comparatively high concentrations of dissolved organics (e.g., colloids). However, knowledge of drug behaviour in the charged colloidal fraction of wastewater and its impact to treatment is limited. Monitoring and understanding here is needed to develop tertiary process diagnosis and optimisation.

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In-situ regeneration of saturated granular activated carbon by an iron oxide nanocatalyst

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Chlorine addition prior to granular activated carbon contactors improves trihalomethane control

Chlorine addition prior to granular activated carbon contactors improves trihalomethane control

UV-activated persulfate oxidation and regeneration of NOM-Saturated granular activated carbon

Fate of drugs during wastewater treatment

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