In-situ self-assembly synthesis of low-cost, long-life, shape-controllable spherical Li4Ti5O12 anode material for Li-ion batteries

Yin, Yue; Luo, Xiaoyan; Xu, Benjun

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164026

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…They were employed as the binders for LTO anodes, which are named as LTO-9.3Na, LTO-11.2Na, LTO-12.9Na, and LTO-15.0Na, respectively. According to the SEM pictures of the polymers (Figure 1b-e), the surfaces gradually became rougher with the increase in Na concentration, due to the swelling of cellulose caused by sodium hydroxide during synthesis [28,29]. After completing an electrode, sodium is uniformly distributed on the surface of LTO particles, as shown in the EDS mapping (Figure 1f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Binder accounts for only a small fraction of the battery but is one of the significant sources of these large alkali metal cations [23][24][25]. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), for example, is a typical aqueous binder in LIBs anode [26][27][28] and is often employed in its sodium salt, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) [29]. Therefore, it is more likely to contribute to the sodium concentration in the Li-ion battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the Sodium Cations in Anode Affect the Performance of a Lithium-ion Battery

Shao

Rao

et al. 2022

Batteries

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Large cations such as potassium ion (K+) and sodium ion (Na+) could be introduced into the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery system during material synthesis or battery assembly. However, the effect of these cations on charge storage or electrochemical performance has not been fully understood. In this study, sodium ion was taken as an example and introduced into the lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anode through the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder. After the charge/discharge cycles, these ions doped into the LTO lattice and improved both the lithium-ion diffusivity and the electronic conductivity of the anode. The sodium ion’s high concentration (>12.9%), however, resulted in internal doping of Na+ into the LTO lattice, which retarded the transfer of lithium ions due to repulsion and physical blocking. The systematic study presented here shows that large cations with an appropriate concentration in the electrode would be beneficial to the electrochemical performance of the Li-ion battery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Sodium Cations in Anode Affect the Performance of a Lithium-ion Battery

Shao

Rao

et al. 2022

Batteries

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“…The sample calcined with 4 mL of 25% NH 3 ‧H 2 O at 700 °C showed the best performance. Its capacity remained at 176.4 mAh g −1 over 100 cycles at 87.5 mA g −1 , 136.7 mAh g −1 over 500 cycles at 875, and 105.6 mAh g −1 over 1000 cycles at a current density of 1750 mA g −1 with a retention rate of 96.7% [ 395 ].…”

Section: Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

Julien,

Mauger

2024

Micromachines

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The most popular anode material in commercial Li-ion batteries is still graphite. However, its low intercalation potential is close to that of lithium, which results in the dendritic growth of lithium at its surface, and the formation of a passivation film that limits the rate capability and may result in safety hazards. High-performance anodes are thus needed. In this context, lithium titanite oxide (LTO) has attracted attention as this anode material has important advantages. Due to its higher lithium intercalation potential (1.55 V vs. Li+/Li), the dendritic deposition of lithium is avoided, and the safety is increased. In addition, LTO is a zero-strain material, as the volume change upon lithiation-delithiation is negligible, which increases the cycle life of the battery. Finally, the diffusion coefficient of Li+ in LTO (2 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) is larger than in graphite, which, added to the fact that the dendritic effect is avoided, increases importantly the rate capability. The LTO anode has two drawbacks. The energy density of the cells equipped with LTO anode is lower compared with the same cells with graphite anode, because the capacity of LTO is limited to 175 mAh g−1, and because of the higher redox potential. The main drawback, however, is the low electrical conductivity (10−13 S cm−1) and ionic conductivity (10−13–10−9 cm2 s−1). Different strategies have been used to address this drawback: nano-structuration of LTO to reduce the path of Li+ ions and electrons inside LTO, ion doping, and incorporation of conductive nanomaterials. The synthesis of LTO with the appropriate structure and the optimized doping and the synthesis of composites incorporating conductive materials is thus the key to achieving high-rate capability. That is why a variety of synthesis recipes have been published on the LTO-based anodes. The progress in the synthesis of LTO-based anodes in recent years is such that LTO is now considered a substitute for graphite in lithium-ion batteries for many applications, including electric cars and energy storage to solve intermittence problems of wind mills and photovoltaic plants. In this review, we examine the different techniques performed to fabricate LTO nanostructures. Details of the synthesis recipes and their relation to electrochemical performance are reported, allowing the extraction of the most powerful synthesis processes in relation to the recent experimental results.

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“…Another strategy for improving electrochemical performance is to ameliorate ion diffusion kinetics. [ 22,23 ] Among them, a wide variety of nanostructures have been extensively studied to achieve rapid transport of ions and electrons, such as nanowire arrays, [ 24 ] nanospheres, [ 25 ] and nanotube arrays. [ 26 ] However, nanomaterials are more stringent in their preparation conditions and have higher cost, which is not conducive to large‐scale industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Pressure Induction and Quantitative Regulation of Oxygen Vacancy Defects in Lithium Titanate

Qin

Liang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Inspired by the functional properties of ion defect induction and charge compensation in defect engineering, these methods are expected to be an effective strategy to solve the constraints of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) inherent conductivity and diffusion dynamics, and further improve battery rate performance. The oxygen vacancy (OV) content in LTO can be controlled quantitatively by high‐pressure induction using the high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) method. In addition, the relationship between the electrochemical properties and OV is further explored. The theoretical calculations indicate that the OV defects cause the electrons to delocalize into the conduction band of the LTO, and thus fundamentally improve the intrinsic conductivity. In particular, the high‐pressure quenching strategy of HPHT causes LTO to instantly produce crack holes with massive crystalline layers, which can be regarded as storage for the electrolyte to facilitate ion diffusion. The fabricated LTO anodes containing OVs compensate for the limitation of the poor rate performance with a capacity of 176 mAh g−1 at 20 C. Pressure‐induced OV defects not only open up a new perspective in the field of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but also provide a certain degree of freedom for the functional design characteristics of defect engineering.

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In-situ self-assembly synthesis of low-cost, long-life, shape-controllable spherical Li4Ti5O12 anode material for Li-ion batteries

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

How the Sodium Cations in Anode Affect the Performance of a Lithium-ion Battery

How the Sodium Cations in Anode Affect the Performance of a Lithium-ion Battery

Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

High‐Pressure Induction and Quantitative Regulation of Oxygen Vacancy Defects in Lithium Titanate

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