In Situ SEM Observation of Structured Si/C Anodes Reactions in an Ionic-Liquid-Based Lithium-Ion Battery

Shi, Haifei; Liu, Xianqiang; Wu, Rui; Zheng, Yijing; Li, Yonghe; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Pfleging, Wilhelm; Zhang, Yuefei

doi:10.3390/app9050956

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They concluded that the grid structures were superior to the line structures in terms of isotropic volume expansion and contraction during battery operation. Shi et al [59] used in situ SEM analysis to study the lithiation of laser line structured Si/C anodes in comparison to unstructured ones and proposed an active mass removal of almost 50% for providing enough space to compensate the huge volume expansion.…”

Section: Anodes With Line or Grid Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in laser texturing of battery materials: a review of tuning electrochemical performances, related material development, and prospects for large-scale manufacturing

Pfleging

2020

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Traditional electrode manufacturing for lithium-ion batteries is well established, reliable, and has already reached high processing speeds and improvements in production costs. For modern electric vehicles, however, the need for batteries with high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities at cell level is increasing; and new production concepts are required for this purpose. During the last decade, laser processing of battery materials emerged as a promising processing tool for either improving manufacturing flexibility and product reliability or enhancing battery performances. Laser cutting and welding already reached a high level of maturity and it is obvious that in the near future they will become frequently implemented in battery production lines. This review focuses on laser texturing of electrode materials due to its high potential for significantly enhancing battery performances beyond state-of-the-art. Technical approaches and processing strategies for new electrode architectures and concepts will be presented and discussed with regard to energy and power density requirements. The boost of electrochemical performances due to laser texturing of energy storage materials is currently proven at the laboratory scale. However, promising developments in high-power, ultrafast laser technology may push laser structuring of batteries to the next technical readiness level soon. For demonstration in pilot lines adapted to future cell production, process upscaling regarding footprint area and processing speed are the main issues as well as the economic aspects with regards to CapEx amortization and the benefits resulting from the next generation battery. This review begins with an introduction of the three-dimensional battery and thick film concept, made possible by laser texturing. Laser processing of electrode components, namely current

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Section: Anodes With Line or Grid Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in laser texturing of battery materials: a review of tuning electrochemical performances, related material development, and prospects for large-scale manufacturing

Pfleging

2020

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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“…For this purpose, the new electrode architecture, as described and displayed earlier (Figure 2) was developed. In research, silicon-graphite blend electrodes have often been analyzed thus far [2,6,16,[24][25][26]. This work presents new electrode design: a graphite-silicon electrode with separate and vertically aligned areas.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) process for flexible construction of advanced 3D silicon anode designs in high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Rist,

Sterzl,

Pfleging

2024

Laser-Based Micro- And Nanoprocessing XVIII

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The demand for optimized and affordable lithium-ion battery systems increases with the growing number of electrified vehicles. To this aim, 3D electrode architectures and new high energy density materials like silicon are in the focus of research. To implement silicon in the LIFT-process for fast prototype development, a silicon-rich paste was developed and optimized for the printing. The electrodes containing the silicon-rich paste showed a rather high specific capacity of 3029 mAh⋅g -1 . To achieve an enhanced cyclability, a new electrode architecture was developed by using subtractive and additive laser processing in a process chain. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art coated graphite electrode was structured, and the cavities were subsequently partially filled with the silicon-rich paste. After reaching end-of-life, the coin cells were disassembled and analyzed using SEM and LIBS measurements regarding the failure mechanisms.

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“…Therefore, in situ/operando techniques were developed to obtain a detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Si-based anodes 36−41 as well as of Si/C anodes. 42 In recent articles, 35,41,43−45 operando measurements have been described as performing the analysis during the charge/discharge procedure, while in situ means the charge/ discharge procedure is suspended and the measurement is carried out at open-circuit potential. We will follow this differentiation in this study, though in the past "in situ" and "operando" haven been often used interchangeably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unrepresentative spots due to natural inhomogeneity of the composite electrode structure and artifacts due to sample preparation can cause misinterpretation of these local SEM images and EDX spectra. Therefore, in situ/operando techniques were developed to obtain a detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Si-based anodes − as well as of Si/C anodes . In recent articles, ,,− operando measurements have been described as performing the analysis during the charge/discharge procedure, while in situ means the charge/discharge procedure is suspended and the measurement is carried out at open-circuit potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Degradation Mechanisms of Negative Electrodes Based on Silicon Nanoparticles in Lithium-Ion Batteries via Quasi In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy

2022

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Understanding the degradation mechanisms of negative electrodes based on nanoparticles like silicon is key for developing solutions against active material cracking, pulverization, or extensive growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are common ex situ methods for post mortem analysis of lithium (ion) battery materials. Beyond that, in situ/ operando methods provide more accurate insights but require specially designed cells and electrolytes with a high evaporation temperature. This study combines aspects of in situ and ex situ SEM/EDX measurements to enable detailed insights on the degradation mechanisms of silicon nanoparticle-based electrodes during charge/discharge cycling. Therein, a protective quasi in situ environment was ensured by handling electrodes of repeatedly disassembled cells under an inert atmosphere and performing a same-spot analysis by SEM and EDX in the pristine state and after formation and subsequent cycles. This so-called quasi in situ analysis allowed accurate tracking of the degradation mechanisms such as irreversible expansion, cracking, and pulverization of active material particles and evolution of the SEI. Thus, extensive irreversible volume expansion of silicon nanoparticles was detected during charge/discharge cycling at low C rates, while higher C rates facilitated pulverization. Furthermore, EDX analysis revealed pronounced SEI growth at conductive additive-rich areas.

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In Situ SEM Observation of Structured Si/C Anodes Reactions in an Ionic-Liquid-Based Lithium-Ion Battery

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Recent progress in laser texturing of battery materials: a review of tuning electrochemical performances, related material development, and prospects for large-scale manufacturing

Recent progress in laser texturing of battery materials: a review of tuning electrochemical performances, related material development, and prospects for large-scale manufacturing

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) process for flexible construction of advanced 3D silicon anode designs in high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Visualization of Degradation Mechanisms of Negative Electrodes Based on Silicon Nanoparticles in Lithium-Ion Batteries via Quasi In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy

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